Philosophical Quotes on Art

The European Union free essay sample

The accompanying article inspects the European Union and the degree of this bodys power. This paper analyzes the European Unions developing forces in the zones of financial aspects, law and legislative issues, vitality, natural issues, travel, instruction, security, innovation, interchanges, associations with non-part states (counting help to different nations), and future administration. From the paper: The EU keeps on tending to and administer in the zone of vitality also. Euratom was remembered for the Treaties of Rome in 1956-7. The vitality emergency of the 70s was a particular test to the Community, and a vitality commission was set up in 1975. Nuclear vitality has consistently been an intriguing issue among the EU chiefs, and the European Energy Charter of the mid 90s was huge (Europa, 2001). In 1996, procedures for sustainable power sources were talked about.

Seafarer Essay Topics

Seafarer Essay TopicsYou may not be familiar with many of the seafarer essay topics that are out there. However, if you study them and see what they are all about, you will find that they are all applicable to your degree requirements. What is important to know is what kind of themes you should avoid when you are writing your own essay.If you choose to write a seafarer essay topic that has to do with a line of work that involves physical labor, this will not be a good choice for you. There are a number of problems that can occur when you choose to write about something like this. Some of these problems are time constraints and fatigue. As a result, you could become bored.The other thing that you should avoid is writing about something that has to do with the environment in which you live. The great thing about all of the seafarer essay topics is that they have an environmental focus. So if you do choose to write about something like this, you should make sure that you mention how thi ngs could be changed or improved.If you choose to write about a certain aspect of the sea such as fishing, you will be able to help your students see how important it is to the environment. A lot of the students who go on to be oceanographers have also had something to do with saving the world from a particular disaster. This means that they are passionate about their subject matter.The reason that you should avoid writing about these types of subjects on your seafarer essay topics is because they tend to be very boring and dry. Instead, it would be much better if you include images that speak to the students. The importance of making sure that the class will pay attention to what you are talking about cannot be underestimated.The last thing that you should avoid when you are choosing your seafarer essay topics is doing a lot of research. If you do not like doing a lot of research, then you might want to reconsider using the seafarer essay topics that you have picked out. This will be more difficult to do if you are going to be writing about an environmental topic, as it will require you to remember specific facts and figures.In conclusion, if you do want to use the seafarer essay topics that you have picked out, make sure that you avoid the ones that involve the different kinds of work that you may be involved in. Remember that your grade will be based on the idea of why your ideas are better than theses that other students are working on. So you will want to have a focus on this instead of covering other things.So, when you are looking at the seafarer essay topics that you will be working with, make sure that you do not pick out topics that are related to things that you have not written about before. When you are writing about these topics, make sure that you focus on the issue at hand and make sure that you do your best to get your students interested in the subject.

Major Milestones in Ending Segregation in the U.S.

L´Oreal Marketing Plan - 6123 Words

L’Oreal Nederland B.V.: Introduction of Products from the Garnier Institute of L’Oreal [WITH INSTRUCTOR COMMENTS IN CAPS] 1 Executive Summary Table of Contents L Oreal presently offers the following products in the Netherlands: Plenitude and Recital under the L Oreal brand name, and Ambre Solaire under the Garnier Institute brand name. L Oreal Nederland has been considering whether to introduce the Synergie skin care line and Belle Couleur hair colorants line into the Netherlands. Synergie and Bele Couleur are marketed under the Garnier Institute name in France. The Netherlands market has several challenges: new product launches are difficult (especially from a relatively unknown company like Garnier) and the distributor†¦show more content†¦This category consists of hand creams, body lotions, all-purpose creams, and facial products. For the past five quarters, unit volume has been growing at an annual rate of 12% [EDITORIAL - SPELL OUT PERCENT] and dollar sales at a rate of 16%. Products within this category are classified by price and product type. [USEFUL TO COMPARE PRODUCT CATEGORY GROWTH R ATES WITH L OREAL S GROWTH RATE.] †¢ A current trend in the skin care industry is stretching lines by adding specific products targeted at skin types such as sensitive, greasy, or dry. A particularly fast-growing category consists of antiaging and antiwrinkling creams. Complementing this trend is an emphasis on scientific development and natural ingredients. Hair Coloring Market †¢ There are two types of hair coloring. Semipermanent colors wash out after five or six shampooings. Permanent colors only disappear as the hair grows out from the roots. †¢ Growth in unit volume over the last four years for both colorants has been 15% per year. †¢ Both the increasing shares of the smaller brands and the decreasing shares of the leaders have sparked a 60% increase in advertising in 1989 for all brands of hair coloring. †¢ Traditionally, hair colorants have been used primarily to cover gray hair. Recently, however, coloring hair has become more of a fashion statement . This partially accounts for the increased popularity of semipermanent hair coloring. Product Situation Synergie is a line of facial skin careShow MoreRelatedL ¡Ã‚ ¦Oreal Nederland B.V.1602 Words   |  7 PagesL ¡Ã‚ ¦Oreal Nederland B.V. Pertinent Facts L ¡Ã‚ ¦Oreal is the largest cosmetics company in the world. In 1992 the L ¡Ã‚ ¦Oreal Group was the largest cosmetics manufacturer in the world. They are Headquartered in Paris, it have subsidiaries in over 100 countries. In 1992, its sales were $6.8 billion (a 12% over 1991) and net profits were $417 million (a 14% increase). France contributed 24% of total worldwide sales. Europe (both western and eastern countries, excluding France) provided 42%, and the U.SRead MoreCompetitor Analysis : Marketing Planning Process1406 Words   |  6 Pagesanalysis is a vital part of the marketing planning process. A strong competitor can hinder business success, even lead to business failure. Competitor analysis helps firms to anticipate their competitor s actions and exploit competitor s weaknesses. It also helps firms to identify their firm s unique selling points, so that these can be promoted in marketing campaigns. Competitor analysis is an ongoing task, as successful competitors will con tinuously develop their marketing strategies, in response toRead MoreLOreal Nederland B.V.: Product Introduction2528 Words   |  11 PagesCase Study Analysis Prepared by Supervised by Mr. Year 2009-2010 â€Æ' Case synopsis †¢ L Oreal headquarter is in France and require from their subsidiaries around 100 countries to introduce two or more from their product within the few years. L oreal Netherland director faces two difficult decision whether to introduce Synergie the skin care product and Belle Couleur hair product or one of them. If they introduce them in the Dutch market what will happen for their product from the sameRead MoreConsumer Behavior on Hyundai Motors1281 Words   |  6 Pagesthe fact that behavior can be understood and influenced to ensure a positive purchase decision. So a round understanding ofconsumer behavior is necessary for long run success of any marketing program. That’s why the marketing manager’s interest lies exactly in understandingconsumer behavior to ensure that his marketing strategy results in purchase of the product. ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form | | |    |    | | Hello:   You are invited to participateRead MoreL Oreal : A Beautiful Study Of Scm1485 Words   |  6 Pageson a common backbone of capabilities. Also, they work on more networks and more people. To improve their reactivity and the accuracy of their orders all along the value chain, L Oreal s operations introduced an integrated information system in 2010. A collaborative collection of sales forecasts by their sales, marketing, supply chain and finance teams, is shared with their plants and distribution centers. This practice is steadily implemented worldwide. In 2015, the system was expanded to BrazilRead MoreL Oreal : The World s Largest Cosmetics And Beauty Company2695 Words   |  11 PagesModule Code: MKT1002 Degree Programme: BA Hons Marketing and Managementâ€Æ' Introduction to L’Orà ©al. L Orà ©al is the world s largest cosmetics and beauty company and has been the market leader since 2001. They market 18 brands and are divided into four categories - consumer products, professional products, luxury products, active cosmetics. They operate in many varied distribution circuits in over 130 countries (L’Orà ©al, n.d). (49 words) The External Marketing Environment in which L’Orà ©al Operates InRead MoreAvon Strategy Analysis952 Words   |  4 Pagesdirected Several things happened once Andrea Jung was named CEO of Avon. First, she decided to reverse the current trend of losing sales. She did this by creating a strategy that would turn the company around. This strategy included the following plans: Reinvigorating the brand (new products, new packaging, and a new ad campaign) Instituting beauty-advisory training Expanding the multilevel sales program Suggested a strategy to partner with Sears and JC Penney department stores JungRead MoreMarketing Plan for the Body Shop7278 Words   |  30 PagesThe Marketing Plan for Tea Tree Concealer (THE BODY SHOP) Module Code/Name: BUS4005 / Marketing Date of Submission: 5th December 2012 ------------------------------------------------- Executive Summary Concealer is very popular and its market growth stable because of concealer is very useful to cover the imperfection on the skin. The Body Shop’s Tea Tree Concealer, which launched in 2009, is this marketing plan’s character. Tea Tree Concealer is a handy portable stick to concealRead MoreEssay on Marketing Analysis on Body Shop4410 Words   |  18 Pageshuman and civil rights, environmental and animal protection. In March 2006, The Body Shop agreed to a  £652.3 million takeover deal by LOrà ©al family. I will be Carrying out a comprehensive market audit and analysis of Body Shop, using various marketing analytical tools for my report. MARKET AUDIT Situation Analysis Company The Body Shop International is a multinational company which specialises mainly in producing ecological skin and hair products. The products are exclusively basedRead MoreThe Reasons for The Body Shops International Success1188 Words   |  5 Pagesrapid than before (Jones, 2006). The franchise model prior to LOreal was that the Body Shop would find local retail partners to run multiple stores. These partners would receive goods from the Body Shop to sell in the stores, in addition to marketing support. This is a similar arrangement to many franchises, and the Body Shop was ultimately the company whose name and image would sell the stores. The company was strict in maintaining that its high ethical standards were maintained by the franchisors

Slave To The Grind free essay sample

Those rowdy Jersey boys are back and heavier than ever. If youre expecting Slave to the Grind to be similar to Skid Rows 1989 multi-platinum debut, youre in for a big surprise. If you thought they were loud last time, just wait until you hear them now. Sebastian, Dave Rachel, Rob and Scotti just had so much energy building up during the time since their last LP that they incorporated it all onto their new record. Its the kind of energy from songs such as Big Guns and Piece of Me featured on their debut, multiplied a thousand times. Yet the songs reveal the same feelings expressed last time, only now theyre hidden behind much stronger lyrics. So why the big change after the success of their first album? Well, I guess the guys decided it was time to do something new. It certainly is a new direction for Skid Row, very loud, but by no means unbearable. We will write a custom essay sample on Slave To The Grind or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This second album contains a lot of catchy tunes and very likeable songs. Monkey Business, their first single, gave everyone a preview of their intensified new sound. The songs get even louder than that, however. Following Monkey Business youll hear powerful and explosive tracks such as The Threat, Creepshow, Mudkicker and the title track Slave to the Grind. To slow down the pace a little bit, three much softer songs Quicksand Jesus, In a Darkened Room, and Wasted Time are added to the line-up. They are great. If you only liked Skid Row for their songs like I Remember You last time, then you may not like this album as much, but true Skid Row fans will enjoy it. Once again those hot guys from Skid Row have made another excellent album and I hope there are many more to come after this one! n

Thesis paper on rap music. free essay sample

Rap music has become one of the most distinctive and controversial music genres of the past few decades. A major part of hip hop culture, rap, discusses the experiences and standards of living of people In different situations ranging from racial stereotyping to struggle for survival in poor, violent conditions. Rap music is a vocal protest for the people oppressed by these things. Most people know that rap is not only music to dance and party to, but a significant form of expression.It is a source of information that describes the rage of people facing growing oppression, declining opportunities for advancement, changing moods on the streets, and everyday survival. Its distinct sound, Images, and attitude are notorious to people of all areas, races, and cultures. Rap artists like Grandmaster Flash, Run DIM, Public Enemy, Ice-T, N. WA. , Ice Cube, Salt n Peep, Queen Latish, Www-Tang Clan, Snoop Doggy Dog, Tuba Shaker, the Fugues, P-Funk, and many others produced a unique music genre of the urban underclass. We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis paper on rap music. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Given the relatively low expenses In producing and distributing popular music, black artists and producers themselves have often controlled this mode of casual production and have been able to create a form of communication, originally free of censorship and control by the dominant social groups. Rap is now a major force in hip hop culture that has become a dominant style throughout the world today.Just as ragtime, Jazz, RB, and other black music forms entered mainstream culture earlier In the century, today It Is hip hop culture and Its distinctive sound of rap music that is becoming an important form of music and cultural style across the globe. Hip hop erupted from New York dance and party culture of the 1 sass. Writing yards, producing beats, break-dancing, and graffiti art were the original legs to rap music. Now, with dance and performance, visual art, multimedia, fashion and attitude, hip hop is the music and style for the new millennium.Despite what some critics say, with global popularity Increasing dramatically, hip hop culture Is here to stay. Hip hop culture is intense body culture; it finds its expression in dance and gesture. Hip hop is very energetic and gave rise to new forms of dance, like break-dancing, where gesture and body rhythms provide fluid motions to all different types of musical beats. Hip hop Is a highly vocal culture and rap music provides Its voice. Everyday rhythms and sounds can be turned Into hip hop beats, as well as the sounds of traditional music. With creative use of previous musical technology combined with new musical technologies, hip hop provides a soundtrack for life in a high-tech world. Hip hop is also highly visual, creating its distinctive art form of graffiti and urban art, as well as fashion (B Boy, wild style, and ghetto street culture) that provides strong visual pictures, which also serves as models of fashion. Together, these forms provide style, Identity, politics, and a way of life for IndividualsRap is the voice and sound of hip hop culture; while dance and bodily movement show its rhythms and moves, graffiti presents visual pictures and identity, fashion provides a unique style, videos present hip hops sounds and images, and digitized multimedia helps hip hop move along with the pace of todays technological world. With style, fashion, and attitude, hip hop culture is more than Just music; its a way of life. Rap music influences many other types of music, and has roots in genres including R, funk, soul, regg ae, techno, pop, and house. You can find roots to rap music in he corners of virtually every national culture in the world.Hip hop breaks down the boundaries between music and everyday life. Because of that, rap is becoming popular as part of advertising, film and TV, and the new digital and multimedia culture. As it knocks down borders between musical styles, combining every kind of music genre, rap crosses the national borders of the world becoming a key component of global culture. Rap is currently rocking the casaba and the ghetto, rolling across the mountains and the deserts, hopping across oceans, and flying through cyberspace. In the global popularity scene, hip hop now rules, and is a nominate cultural form in many parts of the world.Rap gives voice to every culture that produces and circulates it, not Just African-Americans. As a new force, rap levels the playing field, opening doors to new cultural players, and ripens for new corporate snakes to pounce on. Circulating ideas, images, sound, and style, it is becoming central to the new multimedia global culture and is an expression of a multicultural world with no borders and limits. A raw expression of urban hip hop culture, rap quickly became the sound of African- American anger, rebellion, cultural style, and experience.Anticipated by the ground- breaking work of the West Coast-based Watts Prophets and New York area Gill Scott Heron (whom I worked for at my senior experience internship at TV Records) and the Last Poets in the early asses, the current configuration of rap emerged out of Sugar Hill Gangs 1979 Rappers Delight and Grandmaster Flashs 1982 hit The Message. Hip hop culture began developing its style and sound in New York party scenes in the Bronx, Brooklyn and other ghetto areas in the late asses. By the asses, a whole cycle of New York-based hip hop and rap artists emerged to public attention, includingGrandmaster Flash, Africa Bumboat, Run DIM, Eric B and Racism, Big Daddy Kane, KIRKS-ONE, Tone Loc, Salt n Peep, Queen Latish, and Public Enemy. Russell Simmons founded his Defy Jam music label, winning wide-spread distribution for many artists now considered old school, representing the first wave of rap. East coast rap ranged from the Black Nationalist ideas of Africa Bumboat and the Zulu Nation, to the radical issues of Public Enemy, to the feminism of Queen Latish, to the emphasis on standards of living by Grandmaster Flash, Run DIM, and KIRKS- One.Yet it should not be forgotten that from the beginning there was a strong impotent of dance and party music connected with rap, that it was always part of a The rap controversy started with the explosion of West Coast gangster rap. Ice-T, the original gangster said it was N. W. A. s 1987 album Straight Out of Compton that brought a more controversial form of gangster rap, discussing the problems and pleasures of what became known as thug life. N. W. A. Was a group of young African- Americans from the hood, including Ice Cube and Easy E rapping, Dry.Deer producing, and DC Yell and Rene performing. N. W. A. Brought attention to a new gangster genre. In turn, Easy E put out his own record and split with the group, Ice Cube and Dry. Deer also separated from N. W. A. And produced their own records, and Segue Knight formed Death Row Records, which released Dry. Dress influential The Chronic in 1992 and then signed on Snoop Doggy Dog and Tuba Shaker, who would become highly controversial rap superstars. Meanwhile, the East coast put out its version of gangster-rap, with the Www Tang Clan creating a sensation through its hard, gritty urban sounds.Sean Puff Daddy Combs and his label Bad Boy Entertainment, featuring The Notorious B. I. G. Brought a NY urban ghetto realism into rap, while the Fugues brought funk and R into the rap sound. A wide range of younger rap artists spun off of these groups and erupted from seemingly every corner of every major city, and even a few suburban areas. In the mid-asses, feuds between East and West coast rap groups broke out with highly publicized shoot outs and the murder of Tuba and The Notorious B. I. G. Following the strange blur of the line between art and life in gangster-rap, with the artists living and dying for the things they said in their songs, a movement to stop the lenience emerged to what became known as New School, or Now School, going beyond the sounds of Old School. New York groups like De La Soul and The Fugues produced less harsh rhythms, more affirmative and romantic lyrics, and new influences of soul, R, and pop. Wesley Jean and Lauren Hill spun off the Fugues to create their own chart-toppers and multiple Grammars, including best album of the year, won by The Insemination of Lauren Hill in 1999.This showed that rap had matured, entered the mainstream, and gained recognition as a global force in culture. Today, rap covers a large spectrum, ranging from the urban fury of gangster rap, to the rural fusion of blues and rap in Arrested Development, to the educated raps about black history of Chuck D, to the poetic and political issues of the Disposable Heroes of Hypocr isy, to the G-funk melodies of Snoop Doggy Dog and celebrations of thug life by the late Tuba Shaker.It is therefore a mistake to identify the genre of rap with its most extreme expressions such as gangs rap, as there are countless varieties of urban rap, suburban rap, rural rap, rap and soul fusions, reggae rap, Latino rap, white rap, and even Christian rap groups. This is one of the most flexible genres, and can be used for a variety of purposes. Yet it is gangster rap, G-funk, or what well call G-rap that is still the cornerstone of popularity. G-rap provided a distinctive language, style, and attitude that made rap a significant, yet controversial form.While break-dancing, graffiti, and other forms of hip hop have declined in significance, rap and the hip hop style embedded in rap performance and music video have become a highly significant part of contemporary Much rap music comes off as aggressive, as singers are seen threatening power trustees, denouncing racial oppression and police violence, and celebrating a diverse realm of black cultural forms, like a gangster lifestyle. With its deep beats, multilayered sound, aggressive lyrics, in-your-face messages, and defiant style, rap is seen as a revolt in its music videos, and recorded forms.Blasting out of boom boxes in the ghettos, roaring from car stereos, and blaring from home sound systems, rap has a variety of sounds that some see as threatening the middle class orde r and status quo of power. Some rap singers have the rebel image through their clothes, heir lifestyles, and in many cases their crimes, serving as a warning of the rage and violence in ghetto communities. But other rap artists engage in political rap, or conscious rap, seeing themselves as knowledge warriors and spokespeople for an oppressed underclass. Rap points to the diversity of the African-American community and is itself a musical genre that makes its audiences aware of the differences between various social groups in U. S. Society and the oppression of the underclass. Although there were rap artists in the asses, it was in the asses that rap became most popular, coming of age during the Reagan-Bush era. As a result of conservative attacks, the asses was a period of intense hardship for blacks as the Reagan right shifted wealth from the poor to the rich, cut back on welfare programs, and neglected the concerns of blacks and the poor.During this period, the standard of living and job possibilities for African-Americans declined, and living conditions in the inner-city ghettos deteriorated with growing crime, drug use, crack cocaine, teen pregnancies, AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases, gangs, and urban violence. Rap music arguably stands between the modern and the postmodern, using stronger techniques of sampling, quotatio n and combination of various sounds for self-expression. Rap has a close relation with musical technologies and can be seen as a form of technocrat.It depends heavily on voice for its effects, but its production involves highly skilled use of new musical technologies. While early hip- hop music mocked the sophistication of disco through the medium of a Dos turntables, and while some early rap was technically underdeveloped, later rap evolved into a highly complex sound, using sampling, multi-track overlay, computers, and a variety of sophisticated mixing techniques. There is, in fact, often not much real or original music, but simply basic drum beats and guitar riffs, overlaid with recorded sounds.Starting around 1987-88, Public Enemy and other rap groups began experimenting with multilayered sound combination, taking sounds from media and everyday life, and mixing them into their beats. So a DC, such as Public Enemys Terminator X, plays an important part in the production of the sound of rap, and is In particular, rap groups sample previ ous music, sometimes respectfully by quotation, sometimes ironically with another song, and sometimes satirically by using Eileen street sounds in a romantic love song.Rap groups regularly sample black classics like James Brown, but also engage in crossover, like with DC Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince ironically sampling the l Dream of Jeannie theme for their rap Girls Anti Untie But Trouble. The group De La Soul created controversy by sampling an Aerostatic song in the early asses, but by now this is accepted as normal. For example, when Cool sampled Cool and the Gangs song Too Hot to make its catchy chorus and lyrics more relevant for the ass: A mind is a terrible thing to waste/That as the slogan/But now its 95 and its Dont forget the Trojan. When listening to rap, you can easily see that most of it has to do with identity and self-assertion. The rap artists frequently call attention to their origins, usually grounded in a particular region like South Central Los Angels, the Bronx, or Compton. There is much awareness and sense of place in rap music. In particular, rap is frequently music of the hood that arises from distinct neighborhoods where identification with place supplements the strong identification with race, which is stronger than the identification with the nation as a whole.The rap singer wants you to know who she or he is, where they are from, what tim e it is now, and what is happening. The images of the music videos show specific urban sites, mostly the ghettos of the underclass. Ice Its videos of the songs in Original Gangster show him in the hood, experiencing the stories he narrates in his songs, as do many videos of N. W. A. , Ice Cube and other ghetto-based rap artists.The images and lyrics show and tell us that it is a time where the differences between the haves and the have-nots are more evident than before; that it is a time of urban crime and violence, a time of nags and drugs, a time of Studs, HIVE, and AIDS, a crazy time of extreme sexuality, a time when the urban underclass is striking out and striking back, and therefore is a tense and frightening time for the culture as a whole. The lyrics and images of rap stars like Ice-T and Ice Cube soon became a significant part of rap as an icon, showing what is going on in the urban underclass and its rage and fantasies at the end of the millennium. Public Enemys music video of By the Time I Get to Arizona shows black revolutionaries going to Arizona to protest the state banning of the Martin Luther King Day holiday and depicts them assaulting white politicians and attempting to bring revolution to the state. Their video of Shut it Down also projects images of black revolution, mentioning the legacy of Karl Marx, Malcolm X, the Black Panthers, and Angela Davis, with the rappers calling for the shutting down of the system of exploitation and oppression.Voice, lyrics, and rhyming are very important in rap, which can be read as an acronym for Rhythm and Poetry. The songs are often long, highly complex, and expressive, continuing a rich African-American tradition of stories with individual variations, influenced by genres such as rag-time, Jazz, and the blues. Rap continues earlier contests to demonstrate verbal flexibility, vocabulary, mental quickness, and creativity. The disusing or mocking of other rap groups, women, and white p oliticians, reproduce the African tradition of the toast or boast, making some rap seem confrontational.Yet other rap artists are like ministers with a message for the audience, which the rapper conveys in distinctive ways. And like in the black church, rappers often have choruses in the background. This lays down a steady, organized message to otherwise confused fragments of speech. Some rappers go as far as to count syllables to ensure their lines flow correctly with the beat and the chorus, while others Just let it flow and adjust their lyrics accordingly. Rap involves an expression of black experience, style, and cultural forms.By the late ass, Rap replaced RB as the most popular music for young blacks, but the largest audience for rap music is white suburban youth, calling to attention the white negro discussed by Norman Mailer in 1957. According to Mailer, this expression is first found in the hipster, the cool white cat who drops out of white culture, emended as a boring conformist, in order to enter the exotic world of black culture with its ministering rhythms and powerful expressions of sexuality and soul.Fleeing from the culture of spiritual death, the white negro finds passion and creativit y in black culture. From Jazz to rock and roll to rap, many white males have identified primarily with black music, language, dress, and style. Young suburban whites identify with rap because they too feel deeply alienated and rebellious, and like to identify with the gangs image, such as the wiggery subculture which integrates the forms of black culture with white racial identities.As Ray Maker, the keyboard player for the Doors put it in a VHF interview, without black culture, Americans would still be dancing tippet-toe to the minuet. Rap groups appear on every continent in various languages and cultures. Drawing on rich African traditions and its rhythms, rhymes, and rebellions, rap is attractive to numerous cultures. Gangster-rap is especially attractive to white youth with its disrespect for the authority, laws, and conformity. It is clear in songs like Ice-TVs Mimic Contract that the microphone is seen as a symbol of power, a gun that enables rappers to engage in warfare. Rap reveals that the word n*egger has been introduced by African-Americans in various ways, either as a positive term of solidarity, as a term of hostility toward a peer, or as a political identity for a member of an oppressed class, such as when Ice-T insists in Straight up N*gag that I am a n*egger, not a colored man, negro, or black, terms widely accepted by white culture that represent conditions faced by blacks, and which a harsh word like n*egger will not let sit.Much rap music attempts to communicate the situation of young blacks in the inner cities, and especially, to call attention to the problem of police violence which they unsung blacks find instead that the cops are there to harass and exploit, and that these guardians of the peace in fact pose one of the gravest dangers to the community. Films like Menace II Society, or the Mark Fuhrman tapes during the CO.Simpson trial, which one African- American commentator described as an appropriate soundtrack for the Rodney King b eating, help portray this. In Body Count, Ice-T satirically reflects on the white utopia of Cozies and Harriet and the Cleavers, as a time and place where cops would help a kitten down from a tree. Nowadays, in the inner cities, Ice-T notes that SSH*t anti like that! Every day, from L. A. O New Orleans, Philadelphia to New York, the complaints of the rappers are confirmed as white police have been caught beating and killing minorities, ordering their execution, imprisoning them on bogus charges and planted evidence, and shaking down their communities for whatever blood money they can extort, often from the poorest of poor. To these conditions, N. W. A. Dedicated their anthem, F*KC that Police! Tuba Shakers Me Against the World paints an especially vivid picture of life in the inner city.Titles like If I die unite and Death Around the Corner describe the anger and paranoia of living in no-peace zones where bullets fly more than birds, while Me Against the World, So Many Tears, and F*KC the World express both sadness and rage concerning this situation. Reminiscing about his past, he says l was raised in the city/ SSH*TTY ever since I was an itty bitty kiddy/ drinking liquor out of my mamas itty/ And smoking weed was an everyday thing in my household/ and drinking liqu or till youre out cold. Shaker regrets his mother and the preachers couldnt save him from a life of drugs, drunkenness, and violence. Although he often appeals to God and affirms struggle ND hope, he condemns the world that has taken so many of his friends (Vive lost so many peers/ shed so many tears) and which threatens to take his own young life at any moment: **** the world cause Im cursed/ Im having visions of leaving here in a hearse/ Will I survive to the morning to see the sun? The paranoia of life is intense: If youre black, youd better stay strapped, or: You want to last? Be the first to blast. The expectation of death is especially heightened in Shakers Death Around the Corner, which opens with his young son asking him why he is standing by the Indo with his gun and the father answering that by saying: My destiny is to die. The rapper explains that l guess Ive seen too many murders and is prepared for more violence at any moment.Still, he is not afraid to die, figuring that any place will be be tter than the ghetto: Dont shed a tear for me II anti happy here. Rap, like some other forms of expression, is a powerful message of racism, oppression, and violence that calls our attention to the crisis of people living in inner cities. Rap also provides a positive black tradition, celebrating black culture, pride, intelligence, strength, style, and creativity. It supplies a voice for a social group excluded from mainstream communication and gives power to members of other social groups to better understand the experiences, anger, and positions within the to break out of the cycle of drugs and violence, accept self-responsibility, and begin to restore their lives and communities in whatever ways possible as they struggle for societal changes. At its worst, G-rap is racist, sexist, and glorifies violence, being little but a money- making vehicle that is part of the problem rather than the solution.Many of its mages and models are highly problematic, such as the gangs rap celebration of the outlaw, pimp, and drug dealer. Some rap is random in its circulation of violence and anger, channeling it against the entire world, while other rap artists correctly target anger against the actual forces of oppression that have historically plagued the black community. In short, G-rap is a part of a much broader hip hop culture that has become a dominant cultural form and style today.Rap can be a destructive type of identity politics, promoting differences between white and black, cops and gangsters, men and women, straight and gay. However, with its heavy emphasis on color, rap music calls attention to the importance of racial difference and focuses attention on whiteness as well as blackness. Rap can force white audiences to reflect on their own racial construction, on the ways that whites oppress blacks, on the ways that they may be constructed against someone else who may be presented in a negative light.Rap is a significant part of the postmodern culture that forces an increasingly multicultural and multiracial society to become aware of its differences. And to learn to live with them. Rap music is highly complex. It is an awesome example of multicultural communication, enabling white audiences to listen to black voices and hear black views that they might otherwise miss. Rap music makes the listener painfully aware of differences between black and white, rich and poor, male and female.Rap music brings to white audiences the uncomfortable awareness of black suffering, anger, and violence. More upscale and privileged audiences are enabled to experience the painful effects of deprivation and pain suffered in the urban ghettos. They can also confront views of mainstream celebrations of wealth and materialism by the in-your- ace counting of their new found wealth by rap artists.The expression of males violence toward women in some rap is a reminder of male violence and the hostile attitudes that many men hold toward women, as its homophobic and racist attitudes indicate that oppressed also have prejudice and anger against other oppressed groups. Very often the oppressed direct their rage against their own people and other groups, which in turn oppresses their own group even more. Rap is a unique form of expression, crossing all boundaries, and an indicator that maybe current societies are structured according to a system of differences between nominate and subordinate classes, groups, races, and genders.Rap music is an anthem of postmodern conflict, a vivid expression of the extent to which difference and opposition are structuring principles of society, and a reminder of the growing differences between the haves and the have-nots. It is the thorn on the rose of is a reminder that all is not well in the home of the brave and the land of the free. Rap reminds us that the red, white, and blue of the flag does not always exactly stand for a multicultural society where the colors of the rainbow complement each other and harmonize, rather then clash.

SAFER Makes Safe to Walk in Space

SAFER Makes Safe to Walk in Space Its like a scene from a science fiction movie nightmare: an astronaut is working outside a spacecraft in the vacuum of space when something happens. A tether breaks or maybe a computer glitch strands the astronaut too far from the ship. However it happens, the end result is the same. The astronaut ends up floating away from the spacecraft into the endless void of space, with no hope of rescue. Thankfully, NASA developed a device for space walking that keeps an astronaut safe while working outdoors to prevent such a scenario from happening in real life.   Safety for EVAs Space walks, or extravehicular activities (EVAs), are an important part of living and working in space. Dozens were needed just for the the assembly of the International Space Station (ISS).   Early missions by both the U.S. and Soviet Union also relied on space walks, with astronauts tethered to their spacecraft by lifelines. The space station cannot maneuver to rescue a free-floating EVA crew member, so NASA got to work to design a safety harness for astronauts who would be working around it without direct connections. Its called Simplified Aid For EVA Rescue (SAFER): a life jacket for space walks. SAFER is a self-contained maneuvering unit worn by astronauts like a backpack. The system relies on small nitrogen-jet thrusters to let an astronaut move around in space. Its relatively small size and weight allow for convenient storage on the station, and let EVA crew members put it on in the station’s airlock. However, the small size was achieved by limiting the amount of propellant it carries, meaning that it can only be used for a limited time. Its intended primarily for emergency rescue, and not as an alternative to tethers, and safety grips. Astronauts control the unit with a hand controller attached to the front of their space suits, and computers assist in its operation. The system has an automatic attitude hold function, in which the onboard computer helps the wearer maintain course. SAFERs propulsion is provided by 24 fixed-position thrusters that expel nitrogen gas and have a thrust of 3.56 Newtons (0.8 pounds) each. SAFER was first tested in 1994 aboard the space shuttle Discovery, when astronaut Mark Lee became the first person in 10 years to float freely in space. EVAs and Safety Space walking has come a long way since the early days. In June 1965, astronaut Ed White became the first American to conduct a space walk. His space suit was smaller than later EVA suits, since it did not carry its own oxygen supply. Instead, a hose to an oxygen supply on the Gemini capsule connected White. Bundled with the oxygen hose were electrical and communication wires and a safety tether. However, it quickly expended its supply of gas. On Gemini 10 and 11, a hose to a nitrogen tank aboard the spacecraft connected a modified version of the handheld device. This allowed the astronauts to use it for a longer period of time. The Moon missions had EVAs starting with Apollo 11, but these were on the surface, and required the astronauts wear full space suits. Skylab astronauts made repairs to their systems, but were tethered to the station. In later years, especially during the shuttle era, the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU) was used as a way for an astronaut to jet around the shuttle. Bruce McCandless was the first to try one out, and the image of him floating free in space was an instant hit.   SAFER, which has been described as a simplified version of the MMU, has two advantages over the earlier system. It is a more convenient size and weight and ideal for an astronaut rescue device outside the Space Station. SAFER is a rare type of technology- the kind NASA built hoping that it wont be necessary to use it. So far, tethers, safety grips, and the robot arm have proved adequate to safely keep astronauts where they are supposed to be during space walks. But if they ever fail, SAFER will be ready.

The Word of the Year 2011

The Word of the Year 2011 The Word of the Year 2011 The Word of the Year 2011 By Mark Nichol Each year at about this time, the English-language media rolls out various reports announcing the word of the year according to one or more authorities. These pieces imply or overtly suggest that these selections are keywords for our society’s values, beliefs, and obsessions. But a glance at such choices reveals that these words are the linguistic equivalent of candy satisfying (or not sometimes they’re the equivalent of chocolate-covered brussels sprouts) but not sustaining. The following lists of the top word for each year of the past decade suggest that one year’s byword can be the next year’s punch line (or a least a later period’s â€Å"Huh?†): Merriam-Webster 2010: austerity 2009: admonish 2008: bailout 2007: w00t 2006: truthiness 2005: integrity 2004: blog 2003: democracy American Dialect Society 2010: app 2009: tweet 2008: bailout 2007: subprime 2006: plutoed 2005: truthiness 2004: red state/blue state 2003: metrosexual 2002: weapons of mass destruction 2001: 9-11 (most often styled 9/11) Global Language Monitor 2011: occupy 2010: spillcam 2009: Twitter 2008: change 2007: hybrid 2006: sustainable 2005: refugee 2004: incivility 2003: embedded 2002: misunderestimate 2001: ground zero Oxford Dictionaries 2011: squeezed middle 2010: big society 2009: unfriend 2008: credit crunch 2007: footprint 2006: bovvered 2005: podcast 2004: chav Technological terms like app and tweet have variable staying power. Blog, which was ten years old when Merriam-Webster crowned it in 2004 (while app may be old enough to vote), isn’t going anywhere, nor is podcast. But eventually, many once popular terms evoke nothing more than a chuckle (â€Å"floppy disk,† anyone?). And to w00t, I say, â€Å"W00t-ever.† Jargon from economic and political contexts serves as a shorthand, but Steven Colbert’s brilliant-in-its-time truthiness is as stale as Bush-speak jokes (or perhaps I misunderestimate it), and â€Å"weapons of mass destruction† and embedded have acquired a derisive connotation their coiners did not intend. Variance in American English and British English is also an obstacle: Several of the Oxford Dictionaries selections are obscure to US readers. (â€Å"Big society† refers to localism in government, bovvered is part of a British TV character’s dismissive catchphrase â€Å"Am I bovvered?† and chav refers to a lumpen-prole UK subculture with a perplexing penchant for faux-Burberry plaid couture.) Environmentally oriented terms at least the ones in these lists seem to have legs: We’re still discussing sustainability and footprints (as in â€Å"carbon footprint†), though perhaps without the fresh vigor applied just a few years before. A couple of these lists offer a word of the year for 2011 (the other listmakers have not yet weighed in for the current year), but you are also entitled to your opinion. Which word (or phrase) do you nominate for the honor? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About TalkingHomogeneous vs. Heterogeneous10 Varieties of Syntax to Improve Your Writing

2 contract law assignments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

2 contract law assignments - Essay Example However, that right would have arisen by virtue of common law principles rather than statutory law as contained in the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999. Owen Fox explains that ‘for many years, the doctrine of privity of contract was a fundamental feature of English law, meaning that it was only the parties to a contract who could rely upon or enforce the terms of that contract. The consequence of this was that if a third party suffered a loss because the contracting parties failed to fulfil their obligations to each other, then the third party had no recourse under the contract.’2 This is the background against which Sarah Jones Development’s claim for damages against Archibald must be examined. There were and are exceptions to the privity of contract rule. One exception is to be found in circumstances where a collateral contract exists. For example when there is a contract between two parties one of the parties thereto may have a collateral contract with a third party in respect of the same matters contained in the primary contract. Shanklin Pier v Detal Products [1951] 854 provides a good example. In this case the plaintiff hired a contractor for the purpose of painting a pier. The painting contractor was instructed to purchase the paint from the defendants. The defendants informed the plaintiffs that the paint would last for seven years when in fact it only lasted for three months. As a result the plaintiff took the defendants to court despite the absence of a contract between them and defendants. 3 The court ruled that the plaintiffs could sue the defendants for damages on the basis of a collateral contract. The plaintiff had provided consideration in exchange for the defendants’ assurance of the quality of the paint by indorsing a contract with the painting contractor which specifically required that they purchase the defendants’ paint.4 The general tone of judicial findings was that there must be an intention to form a

The issue of corporporate responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The issue of corporporate responsibility - Essay Example Sustainability, at its core, reflects a more integrated and efficient management structure that would be adept to weather the economic downturn. Quoting from the World Economic Forum report, Smith (2003) elucidates three key pressures that impel businesses to incorporate CSR viz.: linkages between corporate competitiveness, corporate governance, and corporate citizenship. a) Every business decision should embed the sustainability criteria: Porter and Kramer (2006) articulate: "the essential test that should guide CSR, is not whether a cause is worthy, but whether, it presents an opportunity to create shared value, that is, a meaningful benefit for society that also is valuable to the business." The Patagonia's mission statement captures strategic alignment of CSR with business: b) Build Brand through total wealth creation: Businesses ought to maximize the wealth all stakeholders through effective community investment and poverty alleviation programs. The wealth creation should be woven around green policies through innovative projects that protect environmental assets for the long term. c) Develop environmental projects focusing on economic exclusion: There's an urgent need for companies to refocus on their corporate responsibility to produce a pronounced positive impact on environment protection, and especially target eco... c) Develop environmental projects focusing on economic exclusion: There's an urgent need for companies to refocus on their corporate responsibility to produce a pronounced positive impact on environment protection, and especially target economically deprived areas for holistic growth. d) Partner More effectively: Partnering with government and NGOs can ease to an extent, the project funding issues, and dovetail the company's businesses with national growth strategies. Such an approach would also bring credibility for activities, and help gain public trust. e) Focus on governance and accountability: Especially in times of recession, the scrutinizing eyes of media, shareholders and government would continue to hover on companies, demanding transparency and accountability. Guarnieri and Kao (2008) noted that the 2007 Top Companies for Leaders are poignantly strategic and use CSR to help attract, engage and retain leadership talent. Leaders in such companies are encouraged to take leadership roles in social and community organizations. CSR thus becomes a critical component for leadership development strategy. CSR can be the best starting point for integrating societal considerations with business operations (Porter, & Kramer, 2006). Especially, in economically hard times, companies would be forced to reflect on their core priority businesses, and customers. In such situations, sustainability programmes can help to sieve the strategic business areas, and relook at the supply chain management with a "sustainability screening policy." Corporate responsibility can thus help pruning overheads, and effect cost savings through carbon accounting. Conflict between Luxury Branding and Environmental Concern Pinault spearheading the case for sustainable luxury believes that

Presidential Candidate Profiles :: essays research papers

Candidate Profiles I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Al Gore   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  US Vice President and Democratic presidential nominee Al Gore, was born on March 31, 1948 in Washington D.C.. His father Albert Gore Sr., a congressman from Tennessee, served in the House of Representatives and his mother Pauline La Fon was one of the first women to graduate from Vanderbilt Law School. Gore, a Baptist, attended Harvard where he received a degree with high honors in government. Even though he was strongly opposed to the war in 1970 Al joined the army where he served his time in Vietnam as an army reporter. After attending Vanderbilt Law School Gore ran for and won Tennessee’s fourth district congressional seat where he served four terms, after which he ran for and won the Tennessee Senatorial Seat. Gore remained in senate until presidential nominee Bill Clinton Chose him as his running mate in 1992, they were elected into office that year and re-elected in 1996. While in office Gore expressed great concern for the envir onment and in 1992 wrote the book Earth in the Balance: Healing the Global Environment. Gore has been married to Tipper Aitcheson since 1969, together they have four children: Karenna, Kristin, Sarah, and Albert III. Al Gore’s running Mate for the 2000 election is Connecticut state Senator Joe Lieberman. As well as being the first Jewish-American ever in the U.S. Senate, Lieberman was the Connecticut state Attorney General and also practiced law in New Haven. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  George Bush   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Governor of Texas and Republican Presidential Nominee George W. Bush was born July 6, 1946 in New Haven , Connecticut. Bush, often referred to as simply W. is The eldest son of former President George Bush and Barbara Pierce Bush, his siblings include Jeb (Governor of Florida), Neil, Marvin, and Dorothy. Like his father, Bush attended the prestigious Philips Andover Academy in Massachusetts before going to Yale University where he graduated with a bachelors degree. Upon leaving Yale he went to Texas and joined the Air National Guard, Where he learned to fly fighter jets, he eventually became a lieutenant but was never called on to fight in Vietnam. In 1972 Bush entered Harvard Business School, earning his M.B.A. in 1975. In 1977 he married Laura Welch, a former teacher and librarian, and in 1980 she gave birth to their twin daughters, Barbara and Jenna. Shortly after his 40th birthday in July ‘86 Bush reached a turning point in his pers onal and professional life.

Culture Assessment Essay

Culture can be defined as a set of learned beliefs, values, norms and materials goods shared by group people. It includes everything that an individual adopts from a group in the process of living from infancy to old age. In the U. S and anywhere in the world, culture guides the social interactions between members of a society and influences the personal beliefs and values that shape an individual perception of their own environment (William E. T and Joseph H. 2005). Generally, cultural variations in many societies are as a result of class, ancestral, and religion disparities. William kufuor a middle aged man from the neighborhood but who subscribes to different cultural from most of the inhabitants of Miami was selected for an interview. He was supposed to reveal his beliefs values and norms concerning many situations in the U. S. The selected person is 35 years of age and his parents are immigrants from western Africa who migrated to the U. S in the early 1950’s and settled in Miami. He is a married man and works as an assistance professor in Chicago state university. His spouse is from Hispanic community who are also not Native Americans. The couple is blessed with two beautiful children aged between 5 years and 8 years. Although William was born and brought up in the U. S, he seems to incline so much towards African culture than the American culture. Kufuor as he is well known confesses to be a Christian and goes to church every Sunday together with his wife and children. His beliefs are that there exists a supreme creature called God who created all of us that and who is provider of everything. William seems to be very concern about body contact and personal space between him and other people especially those of the opposite sex. During the interview session he did keep a distance between me and him and whenever I tried to move closer he looked so much surprised. William like most American keeps an open space in between himself and his conversation partner. When offering greetings, Kufuor makes sure that there is minimal body contact and is most of the time he is very comfortable with a simple handshake as opposed to a hug or a kiss unless one is a very close relative and who is of the same sex except his wife only. This was evidenced when he moved away and offered a offered a handshake instead when a tried to hug him. William was believed to be one of the alienated African American, who may have discarded their ancestral beliefs and replaced them with the American beliefs. This was because he was born in America, grew, schooled and associated with Native Americans but after the interviews, it was against the expectations of the researcher since, he behaved like a typical African in his own country of origin. However, at home with his family the most used language was English, which was well spoken, written and conversed by all family members although William spoke fluent French. William said that it was because his wife was from a different culture which was Hispanic and that she was only fluent in English made them use English as the only language at home. William kufuor also takes the father and husband role and provides for everything to the family members, this did not mean that the wife did not contribute towards the family income. At home however unlike many Africans, William could cook for the family and perform many household chores that demanded his attention but mostly it was the wife who performed those household chores. When asked why he was liberal on issue concerning household chores since most people of the African culture believed that the kitchen was a place meant for women, William admitted that it was the country’s social structure that had influenced his way of doing things. He confessed that he had been influenced by his educational attainment, income and occupation. Thompson W. E and Joseph V. H (2005), Adams, J. Q. ; Pearlie S. A (2001) agree with Kufuor that it is not possible to understand people’s behaviour without assessing their social class since the social position possesses a great influence on almost all our feelings. They further agree that one’s religious beliefs are influenced by the social class, political affiliation, the foods he/she eats, clothes worn and associations. Kufuor beliefs that most of the diseases that are taking the lives of many in the world today are lifestyle related and are only avoided by behavioral change. He argues that the communicable and non communicable diseases are mainly as a result of unhealthy eating behaviors. However, the African culture upholds traditional medicines and concoctions which they belief are effective in the treatment of ailments than the modern medicine provided in hospitals. But kufuor admitted that he had deviated from those beliefs because of the education and exposure that he had acquired. The health care workers especially the nurses should treat people of this culture with a lot of love and care as well as emphasize with them so that they can change their perception towards healthcare facilities, since also these people prefer their indigenous foods as delicacies the nurses should provide them with the same but encourage them to diversify their intake so as to reduce the chances of getting deficiencies of some nutrients. The entire interview was lively since we communicated and understood each other very well using the American English. But however some necessary information was not revealed by interviewee this may be because he was not prepared well during the introduction so as to create a rapport end be able extract as much information as possible from the interviewee. Kufuor beliefs that most of the diseases that are causing havoc in the world today are as a result of what we eat, drink and think. He therefore argues that their solution not only lies in medication provided in the hospital but also in behavioral change among the affected. This involves minding what one eats and how he/she relates with the surrounding communities. Similary,kufuor feels that the hospital staff should also take a leading role in advising their clients both in-patient and out-patient about prevention measures of the common ailments. Reference: Thompson, William, Joseph hickey (2005). Society in focus. The culture of United States. Boston, M. A Pearson Adams, J. Q. ; Pearlie strother – Adams (2001): Dealing with diversity Chicago, LL Kendall/hunt publishing company.

Hausser Food Products Company - 3498 Words

Hausser Food Products Company Brenda Cooper, the southeastern regional sales manager for the Hausser Food Products Company (HFP) expressed her concern to a researcher from a well-known eastern business school: I think during the past year I’ve begun to make some progress here, but the situation is a lot more difficult than I thought when I first arrived. Our current methods of selling products just are not adequate, and the people in the field don’t seem interested in coming up with new ideas or approaches to selling. BACKGROUND Hausser Food Products Company was a leading producer and marketer of baby foods in the United States. The company manufactured and marketed a whole line of foods for the baby market including strained meats,†¦show more content†¦Brenda Cooper, the southeast regional sales manager, was fairly typical of the kind of person who was placed in that position. Brenda entered an MBA program immediately following graduation from one of the best women’s colleges in the country. Majoring in marketing, she did extremely well in business school and graduated near the top of her class. Upon graduation she received many job offers and took a position as an assistant product manager in a large nonfood consumer products company. During four years at that firm she performed extremely well both in the management of existing products and in the launching of new products. By the end of her fourth year, however, she was becoming restless, and seeing no opportunities for quick advancement, decided to accept an offer to become a regional sales manager at HFP. The salary was attractive, plus she would receive a potentially large bonus based on the profit performance of the entire company. Brenda was also attracted by the possibility of advancement within the company. She had heard that many of the senior staff had started as regional managers. At the end of her first year Brenda was still very concerned about doing well in her job; in particular she was adjusting to her role as manager with six district managers reporting to her. THE SALES PLAN Much of the activity of the regional managers centered around the yearly sales plan. The sales plan was essentially a budget that includes projections ofShow MoreRelatedCase Study: Hausser Food Products Company1655 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Hausser Food Products Company has been successful in the business of selling baby food since the 1980s, and has had extreme sales growth through the 1990s. Unfortunately, due to some outside factors like decrease in birth rates, organic and dye free standards, and private name brand competition, growth rate recently dropped by three percent. The marketing and sales team are taking responsibility for reshaping the produce line and making more sales to turn this trend aroundRead MoreHausser Food Case924 Words   |  4 PagesHausser Food Products Company is well known for its production of infant food. It controled approximately 60 percent of the market and continued to increases sales every year until the baby bust in 1980. This was the first time that Hausser started to see a decrease in sales. The marketing department has focused its efforts to increase sales. Currently, they have divided the country into seven geographical regions, each with a sales manager who rep orts back to the district level. The first stepRead MoreHausser Food1527 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment Hausser Food Product 1. Using whatever concepts, frameworks, or ideas you think are applicable, explain why the Florida sales team is withholding information about a new market opportunity from regional and corporate sales management? a. Expectancy theory of motivation Hausser Food. Employees and organization both of them have expectation and needs. Organization have expectation to their employees through target. Employees have expectation to the organization or company through theirRead MoreHausser Food1698 Words   |  7 Pages[1] Hausser Foods is clearly experiencing a decline in sales growth due mostly to competition and a decline in population growth. The case focuses mostly on the southeast sales region; however the decline in sales growth is affecting the entire company. The lack of new ideas by the sales force is primarily due to a lack of reflective and adequate encouragement from HDQ as well as a fear or concern that such new ideas for sales revenue might actually burden the sales force in the following yearRead MoreHausser Food Company1249 Words   |  5 PagesCASE: HAUSSER FOOD PRODUCTS (HFP) COMPANY: ââ€"  Brenda Cooper → South-eastern Regional Sales Manager (Jefa de ventas de la Regià ³n Sudeste) for the HFP. ââ€"  Her concern: their current methods of selling products are not adequate. 1) Background: (Antecedentes): ââ€"  HFP: was a leading producer and marketer of infant foods in the U.S. (era un destacado productor y vendedor de comida infantil en Estados Unidos). It maintained a market share of aprox. 60%. ââ€"  Its products line included: strained (triturada/machacada)Read MoreAnalysis of Mattel’s Supply Chain Management6531 Words   |  27 Pagesposition through her many mergers and acquisitions. Second, Mattel outsourced all operations. Third, after the 2007 recall, Mattel moved all toy-prototype creations in-house to project their intellectual property and ensure safety before moving product overseas. Mattel also implemented checks and balances with their Chinese suppliers. Finally, Mattel continues to innovate with consumer trends as they have slowly expanded into digital and online as an extension of their physical toys. In the shortRead MoreShort Cases19708 Words   |  79 Pages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. THE ARDEN COMPANY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. UNIPRO INC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5. HAUSSER FOOD PRODUCTS COMPANY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6. MANAGING MARKETINGRead MoreFrench Terms for Ib Sl French B8316 Words   |  34 Pages2 3 5 12 12 21 28 28 31 36 36 37 40 40 42 48 48 51 Topic Area 1 Home and local area Life in the home; friends and relationships Local area, facilities and getting around Topic Area 2 Health and sport Sport, outdoor pursuits and healthy lifestyle Food and drink as aspects of culture and health Topic Area 3 Leisure and entertainment (includes online) Socialising, special occasions and festivals TV, films and music Topic Area 4 Travel and the wider world Holidays and exchanges Environmental, cultural

Bill Clintons Health Care Plan - 5084 Words

Independent study | Bill Clinton’s Health Care Plan | [Ide à ­rhatja a dokumentum alcà ­mà ©t] | | | | [Ide à ­rhatja be a dokumentum kivonatà ¡t, amely rendszerint a dokumentum rà ¶vid à ¶sszefoglalà ¡sa. Ide à ­rhatja be a dokumentum kivonatà ¡t, amely rendszerint a dokumentum rà ¶vid à ¶sszefoglalà ¡sa.] | Content 1. Why did he try to change? Why was it necessary? 2.1. The way towrds the reform†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 2.2. Theodore Roosevelt†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 2.3. Franklin Dealno Roosevelt†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 2.4. Harry S. Truman†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 2.5. Medicare†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 2.6. The Medicare Legacy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 2.7. Problems in the†¦show more content†¦Roosevelt thought that to put the health insurance into the Economic Security Act would have been impossible. 1.4. Harry S. Truman He strongly supported the health care reform from the beginning of his presidency. His concept was that one of the most important part of a nations strenght is in the health of his citizens, to participate in a democracy needs good phisically position. A big public support surrounded the plan, about 74,3 % of American favoured national health insurance. It was assumed that they will continue this regulation after War too. It was necessary to sustain economic growth and fight against post war depression. The work on the health insurance was delayed by other political consideration, but this was a fatal idea. The American people had the impression that Truman was an inefficient president. To show their opinion they sent a Republican Congress to Washington in 1946. After this alarm President Truman started to change. In 1947 Senator Robert Taft tried to challenge Democrats to put the health care insurance into the campaigne plan. That was unfortunately for Taft and for the Republicans, because the plan backfired. Truman made the health care to the cornerstone of his campaigne. He attacked Republicans on their weakest point: „We worked out a painstaking plan for national medical care†¦ It provided for new hospitals, clinics, health centers, research and a system of national health insurance. Who killed it?Show MoreRelatedThe Speech Of William Jefferson Clinton1387 Words   |  6 Pages William Jefferson Clinton, born on August 19, 1946 in Hope, Arkansa, a small town with a population of 8,000 people would one day become the 42nd president. Bill Clinton was born to his mother, Virginia Cassidy Blythe, a recent widow. Clinton’s father died in a horrible car crash three months before the birth of his son, Being a single mother, Blythe struggled financially and soon moved away to New Orleans to study anesthesiology, leaving her son to live with his grandparents Eldridge and EdithRead MoreThe Healthcare Plan Of Clinton1569 Words   |  7 PagesTHE HEALTHCARE PLAN OF CLINTON Clinton’s Healthcare Plan: the Reasons Why It Failed In the United States the issue of government funded healthcare programs has always been one of importance drawing attentions of many and involving myriads of debate sessions. Still now people take quite interest in dissecting and finally commenting on why Obamacare is a success and why Clintoncare/Hillarycare was not. But whatever may be the reason behind such indulgence, it must be analyzed why such aRead MoreLife History of Bill Clinton Essay1735 Words   |  7 PagesBill Clinton William Jefferson Clinton succeeded where no other Democrat since Franklin had. He was re-elected to a second term as President. Clinton also proved most of his critics wrong, surviving the personal scandals that came about. During his presidency, Clinton broke promises and failed in certain areas, but he still had support of the American people. Even after his affair with Monica Lewinsky, the people still wanted him in office. They liked what he was doing for the country andRead More President Bill Clinton Essay1663 Words   |  7 PagesBill Clinton William Jefferson Clinton succeeded where no other Democrat since Franklin had. He was re-elected to a second term as President. Clinton also proved most of his critics wrong, surviving the personal scandals that came about. During his presidency, Clinton broke promises and failed in certain areas, but he still had support of the American people. Even after his affair with Monica Lewinsky, the people still wanted him in office. They liked what he was doing for the country andRead MorePresident Of The United States1508 Words   |  7 Pages After graduating from Wellesley College in 1969, Clinton went on to attend Yale Law School where she graduated with honors in 1973. In 1975, Hillary Rodham married Bill Clinton. One year after they married, Hillary Clinton worked on Jimmy Carter’s campaign for president while her own husband was elected Attorney General. Bill Clinton was later elected governor in 1978, and served as a governor for twelve years. In the midst of he r husband’s political career, Hillary Clinton also was involvedRead MoreA New Wave Of Health Care Reform Essay1411 Words   |  6 PagesA New Wave of Health Care Reform On August 29, 2016, Presidential candidate Hillary Clinton released an impressive plan for addressing the issue of mental health care in the United States.1 This plan echoes numerous bipartisan bills that have been produced in Congress over the past several years and seems to be one of the few issues that both sides of the aisle can agree on.2 Earlier this year, a bill providing additional support to mental health care was passed in the House with a 422-22 vote,3Read MoreThe 42Nd President Of The United States, William (Bill)1084 Words   |  5 PagesThe 42nd President of the United States, William (Bill) Jefferson Clinton, had many great ideas. He was President between 1993 and 2001. Shortly after winning the election in 1992, he came up with the Health Security Act. It was meant to cover a wide variety of healthcare issues including giving benefits to all American citizens. It was so in depth that it would have affected every aspect of healthcare. Why did it fail? Throughout this paper you will learn of the features, demanders, suppliers, andRead MoreThe American Association Of Labor Legislation1013 Words   |  5 Pagesattempts to ensure universal health care coverage in the U.S. During the nation’s early history of 1883-1912, there were no government health insurance programs or efforts to subsidize voluntary funds. The states were responsible for individual programs and it was left to the private industry. Some voluntary funds were available for members in case of sickness or death. In 1915 the American Association of Labor Legislation (AALL) drafted a model bill that would give health insurance to those in theRead MoreHealth Care Reform Essay2227 Words   |  9 PagesFormer President Bill Clinton introduced a Health Security Proposal in 1993, which was his attempt for a fundamental reform of the American healthcare system (Longest, 2010). In January of 1993, Clinton announced that he would be putting together a team of experts to review the issue of health care cost and develop a plan to propose to congress (Bok, 1998). On September 22, 1993, Clinton then made a speech to Congress announcing this new health plan (Bok, 1993). In his speech, Clinton urged lawRead MoreThe Issue Of Mental Health Care1211 Words   |  5 Pagesreleased an ambitious plan for addressing the issue of mental health care in the United States1. This plan echoes numerous bipartisan bills that have been produced in Congress over the past several years and seems to be one of the few issue s that both sides of the aisle can agree on.2 Earlier this year, a bill providing additional support to mental health care was passed in the House with a 422-22 vote3, so it is now up to the Senate to pass its own reform. If lawmakers fail to send a bill to President Obama

Bipolar Disorder Essay - 1351 Words

Bipolar Disorder, also known as a manic depressive illness, is classified as a brain disorder; that causes unusual shifts in the mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry-out day to day tasks. The majority of bipolar individuals experience alternating episodes of mania such as an elevated or euphoric mood or irritable state (US Department of Health 1) (Thackey 127). Bipolar Disorder falls under the category of a mood disorder, 3% of the general population suffers from bipolar disorder. A mood disorder interferes in everyday life with a person for an extended time. The moods that the diagnosis experience do not go away on their own and cannot be shaken off. The illness affects more than just mood, however it also impacts†¦show more content†¦Having a bipolar disorder can affect the individuals’ relationship with others due to their conditions. Dealing with a person with a bipolar disorder can be intolerable. Many people in the manic phase spend ridi culous sums of money, which can deplete bank accounts and cause problems with families of the individual. Also, they exhibit wild behaviors like partying and sexual tensions that lead to causing breakups in relationships both dating and marriage. In a depressive phase, the relationship of a individual with bipolar disorder causes others to constantly be relied on by the bipolar person; they are having suicide thoughts or attempting suicide (Abramovitz 62-76). The first case study that illustrates bipolar disorder is, The Case Study of Susie: Bipolar I Disorder. Susie is a 20-year-old sophomore at a small Midwestern college. For the past five days she has gone without any sleep whatsoever and she has spent this time in a heightened state of activity which she herself describes as â€Å"out of control.† Susie has experienced two previous episodes of wild and bizarre behavior similar to what she is experiencing now; both alternated with periods of intense depression. When s he was in the depressed state, she could not bring herself to attend classes or any campus activities; she suffered from insomnia, poor appetite,Show MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )847 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Bipolar Disorder† Bipolar Disorder is a mental illness, which involves hypomanic episodes, which are changes in someone’s usual mood. Originally, Bipolar Disorder was called manic depression because it does share similar symptoms with people diagnosed with depression. Bipolar Disorder is a severe condition because it can cause mania, which then causes hallucinations and paranoid rage. (Bipolar Disorder) Bipolar Disorder is classified into two categories, bipolar type 1 and bipolar type 2. BipolarRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )829 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar disorder is an often devastating mental illnesses, with high emotional, social and economic impact on the lives of patients and family members [Jin and McCrone, 2015; Miller et al., 2014]. In recent decades, there has been significant progress in developing diagnostic methods for reliably diagnosing severe bipolar disorder (bipolar disorder type I) and some related bipolar â€Å"spectrum† disorders (bipolar type II disorder), and there has also been recent progress in identifying some of the geneticRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )956 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar Disorder Definition Bipolar Disorder is an increasingly common mood disorder that effects millions of people worldwide. In order to understand the plight of any psychiatric patient suffering from this ailment or to be prepared to treat this disease, it is pertinent to first fully understand what this mental disorder truly is. The first misconception surrounding bipolar disorder is that it is just one disease, contrarily it can be divided into two different sub categories. The National InstituteRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1010 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction/Overview of Condition Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness (SMI) characterized by dramatic mood â€Å"swings† between manic and depressed states. In their manic states, individuals experience an abnormally elevated mood characterized by extreme, grandiose gestures and ideas, inflated self-esteem, lack of sleep, constant talking, distractibility, poor judgement, and even aggression (Griggs). Individuals can be characterized as having either a hypomanic episode or a manic episodeRead MoreBipolar And Bipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1397 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Bipolar robs you of that which is you. It can take from you the very core of your being and replace it with something that is completely opposite of who and what you truly are† (A. Reyan 2015). Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder that alters a person’s life, they can never go back to who they were before. â€Å"It is estimated that more than 10 million Americans suffer from bipolar disorder† (everydayhealth.com 2015). Bipolar disorder is broken down into two types; bipolar I and bipolar II disorderRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1536 Words   |  7 PagesBipolar disorder has been gaining more and more attention over the last few years. With shootings on the rise, or at least the publicity of them, people are often pointing their fingers at mental diseases including bipolar disorder. An ongoing issue regarding mental illnesses, however, is the population has failed to fully understand what they truly are, the symptoms, and how to treat them. Bipolar disorder, which is commonly referred to as manic-depressive illness, is a disorder within the brainRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1447 Words   |  6 Pages Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness in which common emotions become intensely and often unpredictably magnified. Individuals with bipolar disorder can quickly swing from extremes of happiness, energy and clarity to sadness, fatigue and confusion. Bipolar disorder more commonly develops in older teenagers and young adults; it can appear in children as 6. The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown; there are two types of this disease: Types of the bipolar disorder: People with bipolarRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1155 Words   |  5 PagesBipolar Disorder Research Paper What is Bipolar Disorder? Bipolar Disorder is an increasingly common mood disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. In order to understand the plight of any psychiatric patient suffering from this ailment or to be prepared to treat this disease, it is pertinent to first understand what this mental disorder truly is. The first misconception surrounding bipolar disorder is that it is just one disease, contrarily it can be divided into two different sub categoriesRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1541 Words   |  7 PagesManic depression, also known as Bipolar Disorder is not your normal up and down mood change; it’s not like what most people experience, getting a little sad and getting over it. Instead it is extreme mood swing that â€Å"usually going from EXTREMLY happy to EXTREMLY angry† also include emotional highs and lows such as, depression and mania. Mood changes can happen as little as a few times a year or as often as several times a week; it depends on the person and thei r environment. At times, you feel veryRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar ) Essay1544 Words   |  7 PagesBipolar Disorder or manic-depressive disorder is a disorder characterized by highs, manias, and lows, depressions, and can therefore be easily distinguished from unipolar depression, a major depressive disorder in DSM-5, by the presence of manic or hypomanic episodes (Miklowitz Gitlin, 2014). Bipolar disorder is generally an episodic, lifelong illness with a variable course (American Psychiatric Association, 2010). There are two classifications of bipolar disorder; bipolar I disorder and bipolar

Sci207 Week 1 Assignment Free Essays

Inovation and Sustainablility Victor Mota SCI207: Dependence of Man on the Environment Cynthia Collins October 7, 2012 Production and Consumption The human population is growing rapidly and this is affecting the well-being of our planet. The way people use material resources is another thing that affects the planet. The production and consumption of material resources could bring the earth to an end. We will write a custom essay sample on Sci207 Week 1 Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The two production habits that I will talk about are the production of paper and production of oil. The production of paper affects forests. Forests provide homes for numerous numbers of plant and animal species. They also help maintain water quality and stabilize the climate by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Forests are not the only ones affected by paper production. The process of papermaking is chemical process. The paper industries release chemicals into water and air. Thrown away paper also affects the environment. In the land-fills paper can decompose and produce methane, a greenhouse gas with 21 times the heat-trapping power of carbon dioxide. Some of the efforts to consider are cut fewer trees down, produce less paper, print on both sides of paper, and start recycling paper. The production of oil can cause severe damage to the environment. Oil waste dumping and oil spills cause serious damage on surrounding wildlife and habitat. The oil production has already harmed many land, air, and sea animal and plant species. The oil pollutes water and kills fish. The production of oil can also affect human life. The damage can include pollution of drinking water, livestock and health of the human body itself. Beef is a perfect example of using resources wastefully and is causing our environment to be degraded. In the Amazon and other places the rainforests are being cleared in order to raise cattle and about 70 to 80% of the grain that is produced in the United States is fed to livestock. The areas that are being cleared for raising cattle are not so much for local consumptions, but for producing more fast food restaurants in other parts of the globe Reference Turk, J. (2011) Contemporary Environmental Issues. (Section 1. 5) San Diego, CA. Bridgepoint Education, Inc. USA How to cite Sci207 Week 1 Assignment, Essay examples

Business Law Contents of Employment

Question: Outline and explain the contents of employment contracts and the legal liabilities of managers and directors. Demonstrate the ways in which European Union law affects the conduct of business in the United Kingdom. Identify and explain the main sources of law affecting businesses and policies relating to customers, related companies and employment. Answer: Contents Of Employment Contracts Employment contract is a written and documented agreement between employer and employee. It sets the basis between the two parties. Its important for the contract to be written because it legally binds the relationship and has a meaning and clarity to it. The content of the contract is based on the nature of the engagement (Chadbourne,2016). There are however some set rules and regulations. The employment laws in United Kingdom cover or provide minimum obligations and rights. The rights related to trade secrets, notice periods, duty to obey orders and these are only some of them which are common in all of them. A written and detailed contract is important because it helps to avoid any sort of malice. The contract contains: Employer and employees name Date of joining and beginning Pay scale or pay rate Hours of work Terms related to holiday Sick leaves Duration of notice before termination Title of job Nature of job permanent, ad-hoc or temporary Place of work Additional compensations and perquisites Rules related to Conduct Grievance procedure Pension term and schemes Termination and extension of contracts These elements are subject to changes by negotiation. Legal Liabilities Of Directors And Managers Companies Act 2006 under law has various general and common law duties that vested in managers and directors. They are legally bound to follow them. These liabilities majorly concern the internal management of the company. In case the director or manager fails to adhere with these liabilities, they are fined heavily by the law. The punishment can be as high as imprisonment. Director and manager is responsible for any act or omission carried out in the employment period. They are rarely sues in personal capacity for act or omission towards other employees. They have to make sure that the corporation tax is paid and make sure that the secretary is discharging duties regarding the same. If a director is found involved in any sort of fraudulent activity while the insolvency, he can be held liable. They must not be involved in wrongful trading. They must make every attempt to make the company earn profit. Director must pay company debt before its wind-up The must not breach the fiduciary duties confined in him. They are liable for any punitive damages. They must not make wrongful profits which are over and beyond his normal pay. They should not create private nuisance and torturous interference in the companys business. They is liable to make disclosure statements with absolute transparency. Director must ensure a transparent and correct prospectus is floated. Effect Of European Law On Business In Uk The European laws make a major impact on the way business in conducted in United Kingdom. Regulating taxation and spending By directives, laws and regulations Lending them support and subsidies Providing knowledge, and advice Employment policy Regional policy Inflation policy Training and education policy International policy Setting rule of games The government is creating jobs and encouraging business activities in UK so that its able to compete with other countries across globe (Businessforbritain, 2016). The government funs their research, training and education so that they are skilled and polished. Government also provides region wise support to those states who have low employment rate. It also makes sure that there is no sudden inflation which will shake the countrys economy. They do this by regulating interest rates to keep a check on rising prices. Lot of investment is done in education and training. They have vocational subjects in school to polish the curriculum. The tax contribution made by business is used for creating more business avenues and start new projects. The government promotes trade by promoting export and discouraging import. Laws have been laid down related to business conduct (BBC, 2016). The Main Sources Of Law Affecting Business And Policies Relating To Customers, Rated Companies And Employment Government is responsible for making laws for the safety and in full interest of its people. These laws determine and effect various people and bodies to which it touches. The policies and rules change on regular basis and this effects how company operates with its employees, customers and competitors. The economic policy brings with it various taxes. Taxes increase the cost of producing goods and services which in return increase the amount that the customer has to pay. Like Value added tax which is borne by the final consumer but the company has to bear the cost involved in this taxes business (Postgraduate Course,2016). The interest rates is one such factor. Borrowing money depends on interest rates. Rise in interest rates will again increase the cost of the company. The companies however benefit when the government spends the money collected through taxation by increasing employment opportunities (Business Case Studies, 2016). Even while hiring, legal aspect and laws are kept in mind. Few legal changes have also been made. Minimum wage has been made available to minors as well. Laws are enforced to protect customer interest so that they are not exposed to any corrupt practices. The law also entails fair competition and it does not support monopoly. These laws effect each partys interest so that no one is devoid of their basic rights and ensure no exploitation happens. Article. 267 tfeu treaty on the functioning of european union Art. 267 pertains to preliminary ruling. This ruling is a decision made by ECJ (European court of justice after careful interpretation of European Union law. This happens when a request is made on behalf of court of tribunal of a European Union member state. This article empowers a judge with two major powers carefully assess European Union laws validity and to interpret it. The objective is to promote sustainable development and bring about a fundamental change in business approach. It aims at creating sustainable values in business. There is no compartmentalization in making of the law and policy and its implemented beautifully (The student lawyer, 2013). The article states that if there is a question or issue raised related to the validity of the act of the body, union or institution is raised in the national court and its absolutely mandatory to give the ruling, CJUE may be asked to give the ruling. The court is of the view that its function is to give its interpretation of the Union Law or see about its validity. Its the role of the national court to apply factual situations to the underlying treaties. This law has a very crucial and critical impact on how European law communicates national and EU legal system. Its basic motive is to deliver decisions by aligning European Union and member states. It has been argues that the article is overextended in the context of who can refer. This can overwhelm the court leading to low quality of proceedings. The purpose of this article is to ensure the legal provisions are uniform across all the states. Article 267 has safeguarded the appropriate allocation of European Union law. It is helpful in a way that it brings about uniformity of law throughout the states. There is no divergence in the mechanism. The article also protects consumers and make sure that they are not triggered. It sets out a protective layer for the consumers because the law throughout the states have been unified and customer does not have to get harassed by different rules. The direct effect of the ruling is to provide uniform decisions across regional borders and there is no discrimination. There is bare minimum set of obligations related to setting up of a company, operations, restructuring and handling financial situations. The article provides uniform interpretation of law irrespective of the state and regional boundaries. Business operations are not restricted and happen in various cities and states. Hence, it allows them free movement, level playing field and freedom of establishment. Free establishment is a part where companies can freely pick and choose their base of operations without legal or political restrictions (European Union Law, 2016). There are however certain rules and regulation that are applied to them universal to each. In simpler words the treaty has made the business activity simple and hassle-free. It also has clear rules related to protection of environment that each business has to adhere to. No business activity should harm nature in any way. When the law kept no bar in the operations of business units they expected them to comply by not harming the environment. The European Court of Justice has made the entire process legal as opposed to Political. The treaty takes corporate go vernance, reporting and company law into serious consideration. The policies and treaties have brought about efficiency and competitiveness in the market and have changed business behavior across the nation. Academic scholars are taking serious steps towards educating people about the treaty in force. Alternative Dispute Resolution Alternative dispute resolution solves the disputes that have not been able to get solved through negotiation. This third party solves any problems related to supply of goods or services. It is provided by trade associations and they deal with disputes related to mediation, arbitration, negotiation, adjudication, ombudsmen services and conciliation (Citizens Advice, 2016). With the rise of employment its only natural for the issues to arise. Alternative dispute resolution strives to have a speedy decisions. ADR acts a third party that helps to solve the employment related issues. The advantages of using ADR are: Low cost Speedy decisions Informal set-up Highly confidential Consensus is encouraged Solutions include explanation, continued employment, apology The basic aim of ADR is to create a zone of potential agreement. ADR is beneficial in many cases but it must be carefully chosen keeping various factors in mind. There are times when legal course of action is required but that is only decided after the entire course of action is completed. ADR provides Mediation under Employment quality Acts and its a voluntary process of mediation. This type of dispute often requires a neutral person to facilitate the dispute where the individual helps both the parties to reach a mutually acceptable agreement. ACAS Policy discussion papers are formulated to speed up the debate and discussion about the key employment concerning issues. It covers a wide range of procedures and processes where both the parties have the potential to control the outcome. There is third party also that helps them to reach the agreement. Due to lengthy procedures and high costs, ADR and ACAS is coming popular. The main focus is that small scale industries are able to make use of it to come over issues (Europrl, 2016). There is however a low take up of ADR and ACAS. In smaller firms, usually its the tendency of the two parties to seek termination. Its only the huge companies/large scale firms who are interested in the benefits that ADR and ACAS renders. If ADR is used in the earlier stages of dispute, it can help the parties to resolve the conflict in a very constructive way without effecting the long term relation of the parties involved. ACAS also believes that managers must have negotiation and mediation skills which will encourage self-help. This will help the companies in reaching to a conclusion within the internal machinery. ADR can be brought into function at any time of the dispute. ACAS provided free and statutory services which they expect both the parties to understand in their individual capacities. ACAS provided collective as well and individual mediation. It also facilitates training related to in-house mediators. ACASs access to justice approach is gaining lot of popularity and prominence. Government is also taking interest to promote ADR related initiatives. It is gaining international popularity. Equality Act 2010 Parliament of United Kingdom introduced the The Equality Act and its basic aim is to make the anti-discriminatory law a little less complicated. This law served as a clear and streamlined system to bring about equality and enabled people to use the platform for any kind of biasness. The act deals with any sort of discrimination happening in the employment. It touches upon equal pay, sex discrimination, race relations, and disability discrimination. It strives to protect employment based on religion, belief, sexual orientation, age, disability, gender reassignment (Equality human rights, 2016). Pregnant women form a special case under Gender Protection Act. There are certain occupations that are exempted from this act. Entities that are protected under this act are: Employees Police officers Employment services Trade organizations Partners The Bar Office holders Qualification bodies Recruitment Local authority members Disability Age Sex Sex Orientation Pregnancy and Maternity Marriage and Civil Partnership There is a wide range of discrimination that is covered in the Equality Act, 2010: Sex Equality Act protects the individuals from relevant types of works, equal work, provision of sex discrimination provision, sex equality rule, sex equality clause, defense of material factor and sex discrimination in relation to contractual pay. Disclosure of information It concerns relates to gender pay gap information and discussions about pay. Pregnancy and maternity equality It covers maternity equality rule, maternal equality clause and pay, relevant types of work, exclusion of pregnancy and maternity discrimination provisions. Supplementary This includes comparators, interpretation and exception. There are however some elements that will not come into force and they include dual discrimination, socio economic inequalities and gender pay gap information. As an update to the system that the act provided, Public Sector Equality duty was brought into force and Commission Policy statement on caste discrimination (EU Law, 2016). The employers play a very significant role in this act. The size of employment is irrelevant and the law extends it to all employers with duties to ensure the act is implemented. Employers have to function under the act even if the employee is temporary, does not have a contract, business partner or trainee (Lexology, 2016). The employers have exact same set of duties towards all their employees irrelevant of how the organization functions. As an employer there is a particular conduct that is acceptable under the law. An employer has to refrain from any kind of harassment, discrimination and victimizing. Employers cannot justify their discrimination under any objective like indirect discrimination, discrimination arising from disability or direct age discrimination. An employer has to be absolutely transparent when it comes to recruitment. Employer has to avoid racial discrimination, disability discrimination, age disparity. An employer is allowed to ask questions related to health and disability. An employer cannot deny employment to a pregnant woman or he cannot deny maternity leave. He cannot deny flexible working hours to the employee. There must be no biasness related to promotion and transfers. Employees should be provided with facilities like access to technology, kitchen/pantry, washing facilities, parking, quiet prayer rooms and breastfeeding rooms. There should be appropriate laws relating to dress codes, appraisal and management. Disciplinary procedures should be same for each and every employee. The Commission plays a vital role is providing the detailed information to the employers. It provides guidance and Codes of Practice to the companies and firms. Proper course of action is also taken in case any individual wants to seek redressal. References Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.chadbourne.com/files/upload/dandoliability.pdf [Accessed 16 Apr. 2016]. Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://businessforbritain.org/eu-excessive-business-regulation-2.pdf [Accessed 16 Apr. 2016]. Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/Documents/Advice%20factsheets/Consumer%20Affairs/c-alternative-dispute-resolution.pdf [Accessed 17 Apr. 2016]. Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/sites/default/files/uploads/documents/Old_Guidance/PDFS/Business/your%20role%20as%20an%20employer.pdf [Accessed 17 Apr. 2016]. Bbc.co.uk. (2016). How does Europe affect people's lives in the UK?. 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