Bill Clintons Health Care Plan - 5084 Words

Independent study | Bill Clinton’s Health Care Plan | [Ide à ­rhatja a dokumentum alcà ­mà ©t] | | | | [Ide à ­rhatja be a dokumentum kivonatà ¡t, amely rendszerint a dokumentum rà ¶vid à ¶sszefoglalà ¡sa. Ide à ­rhatja be a dokumentum kivonatà ¡t, amely rendszerint a dokumentum rà ¶vid à ¶sszefoglalà ¡sa.] | Content 1. Why did he try to change? Why was it necessary? 2.1. The way towrds the reform†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 2.2. Theodore Roosevelt†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 2.3. Franklin Dealno Roosevelt†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 2.4. Harry S. Truman†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 2.5. Medicare†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 2.6. The Medicare Legacy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 2.7. Problems in the†¦show more content†¦Roosevelt thought that to put the health insurance into the Economic Security Act would have been impossible. 1.4. Harry S. Truman He strongly supported the health care reform from the beginning of his presidency. His concept was that one of the most important part of a nations strenght is in the health of his citizens, to participate in a democracy needs good phisically position. A big public support surrounded the plan, about 74,3 % of American favoured national health insurance. It was assumed that they will continue this regulation after War too. It was necessary to sustain economic growth and fight against post war depression. The work on the health insurance was delayed by other political consideration, but this was a fatal idea. The American people had the impression that Truman was an inefficient president. To show their opinion they sent a Republican Congress to Washington in 1946. After this alarm President Truman started to change. In 1947 Senator Robert Taft tried to challenge Democrats to put the health care insurance into the campaigne plan. That was unfortunately for Taft and for the Republicans, because the plan backfired. Truman made the health care to the cornerstone of his campaigne. He attacked Republicans on their weakest point: „We worked out a painstaking plan for national medical care†¦ It provided for new hospitals, clinics, health centers, research and a system of national health insurance. Who killed it?Show MoreRelatedThe Speech Of William Jefferson Clinton1387 Words   |  6 Pages William Jefferson Clinton, born on August 19, 1946 in Hope, Arkansa, a small town with a population of 8,000 people would one day become the 42nd president. Bill Clinton was born to his mother, Virginia Cassidy Blythe, a recent widow. Clinton’s father died in a horrible car crash three months before the birth of his son, Being a single mother, Blythe struggled financially and soon moved away to New Orleans to study anesthesiology, leaving her son to live with his grandparents Eldridge and EdithRead MoreThe Healthcare Plan Of Clinton1569 Words   |  7 PagesTHE HEALTHCARE PLAN OF CLINTON Clinton’s Healthcare Plan: the Reasons Why It Failed In the United States the issue of government funded healthcare programs has always been one of importance drawing attentions of many and involving myriads of debate sessions. Still now people take quite interest in dissecting and finally commenting on why Obamacare is a success and why Clintoncare/Hillarycare was not. But whatever may be the reason behind such indulgence, it must be analyzed why such aRead MoreLife History of Bill Clinton Essay1735 Words   |  7 PagesBill Clinton William Jefferson Clinton succeeded where no other Democrat since Franklin had. He was re-elected to a second term as President. Clinton also proved most of his critics wrong, surviving the personal scandals that came about. During his presidency, Clinton broke promises and failed in certain areas, but he still had support of the American people. Even after his affair with Monica Lewinsky, the people still wanted him in office. They liked what he was doing for the country andRead More President Bill Clinton Essay1663 Words   |  7 PagesBill Clinton William Jefferson Clinton succeeded where no other Democrat since Franklin had. He was re-elected to a second term as President. Clinton also proved most of his critics wrong, surviving the personal scandals that came about. During his presidency, Clinton broke promises and failed in certain areas, but he still had support of the American people. Even after his affair with Monica Lewinsky, the people still wanted him in office. They liked what he was doing for the country andRead MorePresident Of The United States1508 Words   |  7 Pages After graduating from Wellesley College in 1969, Clinton went on to attend Yale Law School where she graduated with honors in 1973. In 1975, Hillary Rodham married Bill Clinton. One year after they married, Hillary Clinton worked on Jimmy Carter’s campaign for president while her own husband was elected Attorney General. Bill Clinton was later elected governor in 1978, and served as a governor for twelve years. In the midst of he r husband’s political career, Hillary Clinton also was involvedRead MoreA New Wave Of Health Care Reform Essay1411 Words   |  6 PagesA New Wave of Health Care Reform On August 29, 2016, Presidential candidate Hillary Clinton released an impressive plan for addressing the issue of mental health care in the United States.1 This plan echoes numerous bipartisan bills that have been produced in Congress over the past several years and seems to be one of the few issues that both sides of the aisle can agree on.2 Earlier this year, a bill providing additional support to mental health care was passed in the House with a 422-22 vote,3Read MoreThe 42Nd President Of The United States, William (Bill)1084 Words   |  5 PagesThe 42nd President of the United States, William (Bill) Jefferson Clinton, had many great ideas. He was President between 1993 and 2001. Shortly after winning the election in 1992, he came up with the Health Security Act. It was meant to cover a wide variety of healthcare issues including giving benefits to all American citizens. It was so in depth that it would have affected every aspect of healthcare. Why did it fail? Throughout this paper you will learn of the features, demanders, suppliers, andRead MoreThe American Association Of Labor Legislation1013 Words   |  5 Pagesattempts to ensure universal health care coverage in the U.S. During the nation’s early history of 1883-1912, there were no government health insurance programs or efforts to subsidize voluntary funds. The states were responsible for individual programs and it was left to the private industry. Some voluntary funds were available for members in case of sickness or death. In 1915 the American Association of Labor Legislation (AALL) drafted a model bill that would give health insurance to those in theRead MoreHealth Care Reform Essay2227 Words   |  9 PagesFormer President Bill Clinton introduced a Health Security Proposal in 1993, which was his attempt for a fundamental reform of the American healthcare system (Longest, 2010). In January of 1993, Clinton announced that he would be putting together a team of experts to review the issue of health care cost and develop a plan to propose to congress (Bok, 1998). On September 22, 1993, Clinton then made a speech to Congress announcing this new health plan (Bok, 1993). In his speech, Clinton urged lawRead MoreThe Issue Of Mental Health Care1211 Words   |  5 Pagesreleased an ambitious plan for addressing the issue of mental health care in the United States1. This plan echoes numerous bipartisan bills that have been produced in Congress over the past several years and seems to be one of the few issue s that both sides of the aisle can agree on.2 Earlier this year, a bill providing additional support to mental health care was passed in the House with a 422-22 vote3, so it is now up to the Senate to pass its own reform. If lawmakers fail to send a bill to President Obama

Bipolar Disorder Essay - 1351 Words

Bipolar Disorder, also known as a manic depressive illness, is classified as a brain disorder; that causes unusual shifts in the mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry-out day to day tasks. The majority of bipolar individuals experience alternating episodes of mania such as an elevated or euphoric mood or irritable state (US Department of Health 1) (Thackey 127). Bipolar Disorder falls under the category of a mood disorder, 3% of the general population suffers from bipolar disorder. A mood disorder interferes in everyday life with a person for an extended time. The moods that the diagnosis experience do not go away on their own and cannot be shaken off. The illness affects more than just mood, however it also impacts†¦show more content†¦Having a bipolar disorder can affect the individuals’ relationship with others due to their conditions. Dealing with a person with a bipolar disorder can be intolerable. Many people in the manic phase spend ridi culous sums of money, which can deplete bank accounts and cause problems with families of the individual. Also, they exhibit wild behaviors like partying and sexual tensions that lead to causing breakups in relationships both dating and marriage. In a depressive phase, the relationship of a individual with bipolar disorder causes others to constantly be relied on by the bipolar person; they are having suicide thoughts or attempting suicide (Abramovitz 62-76). The first case study that illustrates bipolar disorder is, The Case Study of Susie: Bipolar I Disorder. Susie is a 20-year-old sophomore at a small Midwestern college. For the past five days she has gone without any sleep whatsoever and she has spent this time in a heightened state of activity which she herself describes as â€Å"out of control.† Susie has experienced two previous episodes of wild and bizarre behavior similar to what she is experiencing now; both alternated with periods of intense depression. When s he was in the depressed state, she could not bring herself to attend classes or any campus activities; she suffered from insomnia, poor appetite,Show MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )847 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Bipolar Disorder† Bipolar Disorder is a mental illness, which involves hypomanic episodes, which are changes in someone’s usual mood. Originally, Bipolar Disorder was called manic depression because it does share similar symptoms with people diagnosed with depression. Bipolar Disorder is a severe condition because it can cause mania, which then causes hallucinations and paranoid rage. (Bipolar Disorder) Bipolar Disorder is classified into two categories, bipolar type 1 and bipolar type 2. BipolarRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )829 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar disorder is an often devastating mental illnesses, with high emotional, social and economic impact on the lives of patients and family members [Jin and McCrone, 2015; Miller et al., 2014]. In recent decades, there has been significant progress in developing diagnostic methods for reliably diagnosing severe bipolar disorder (bipolar disorder type I) and some related bipolar â€Å"spectrum† disorders (bipolar type II disorder), and there has also been recent progress in identifying some of the geneticRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )956 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar Disorder Definition Bipolar Disorder is an increasingly common mood disorder that effects millions of people worldwide. In order to understand the plight of any psychiatric patient suffering from this ailment or to be prepared to treat this disease, it is pertinent to first fully understand what this mental disorder truly is. The first misconception surrounding bipolar disorder is that it is just one disease, contrarily it can be divided into two different sub categories. The National InstituteRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1010 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction/Overview of Condition Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness (SMI) characterized by dramatic mood â€Å"swings† between manic and depressed states. In their manic states, individuals experience an abnormally elevated mood characterized by extreme, grandiose gestures and ideas, inflated self-esteem, lack of sleep, constant talking, distractibility, poor judgement, and even aggression (Griggs). Individuals can be characterized as having either a hypomanic episode or a manic episodeRead MoreBipolar And Bipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1397 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Bipolar robs you of that which is you. It can take from you the very core of your being and replace it with something that is completely opposite of who and what you truly are† (A. Reyan 2015). Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder that alters a person’s life, they can never go back to who they were before. â€Å"It is estimated that more than 10 million Americans suffer from bipolar disorder† (everydayhealth.com 2015). Bipolar disorder is broken down into two types; bipolar I and bipolar II disorderRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1536 Words   |  7 PagesBipolar disorder has been gaining more and more attention over the last few years. With shootings on the rise, or at least the publicity of them, people are often pointing their fingers at mental diseases including bipolar disorder. An ongoing issue regarding mental illnesses, however, is the population has failed to fully understand what they truly are, the symptoms, and how to treat them. Bipolar disorder, which is commonly referred to as manic-depressive illness, is a disorder within the brainRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1447 Words   |  6 Pages Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness in which common emotions become intensely and often unpredictably magnified. Individuals with bipolar disorder can quickly swing from extremes of happiness, energy and clarity to sadness, fatigue and confusion. Bipolar disorder more commonly develops in older teenagers and young adults; it can appear in children as 6. The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown; there are two types of this disease: Types of the bipolar disorder: People with bipolarRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1155 Words   |  5 PagesBipolar Disorder Research Paper What is Bipolar Disorder? Bipolar Disorder is an increasingly common mood disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. In order to understand the plight of any psychiatric patient suffering from this ailment or to be prepared to treat this disease, it is pertinent to first understand what this mental disorder truly is. The first misconception surrounding bipolar disorder is that it is just one disease, contrarily it can be divided into two different sub categoriesRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1541 Words   |  7 PagesManic depression, also known as Bipolar Disorder is not your normal up and down mood change; it’s not like what most people experience, getting a little sad and getting over it. Instead it is extreme mood swing that â€Å"usually going from EXTREMLY happy to EXTREMLY angry† also include emotional highs and lows such as, depression and mania. Mood changes can happen as little as a few times a year or as often as several times a week; it depends on the person and thei r environment. At times, you feel veryRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar ) Essay1544 Words   |  7 PagesBipolar Disorder or manic-depressive disorder is a disorder characterized by highs, manias, and lows, depressions, and can therefore be easily distinguished from unipolar depression, a major depressive disorder in DSM-5, by the presence of manic or hypomanic episodes (Miklowitz Gitlin, 2014). Bipolar disorder is generally an episodic, lifelong illness with a variable course (American Psychiatric Association, 2010). There are two classifications of bipolar disorder; bipolar I disorder and bipolar

Sci207 Week 1 Assignment Free Essays

Inovation and Sustainablility Victor Mota SCI207: Dependence of Man on the Environment Cynthia Collins October 7, 2012 Production and Consumption The human population is growing rapidly and this is affecting the well-being of our planet. The way people use material resources is another thing that affects the planet. The production and consumption of material resources could bring the earth to an end. We will write a custom essay sample on Sci207 Week 1 Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The two production habits that I will talk about are the production of paper and production of oil. The production of paper affects forests. Forests provide homes for numerous numbers of plant and animal species. They also help maintain water quality and stabilize the climate by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Forests are not the only ones affected by paper production. The process of papermaking is chemical process. The paper industries release chemicals into water and air. Thrown away paper also affects the environment. In the land-fills paper can decompose and produce methane, a greenhouse gas with 21 times the heat-trapping power of carbon dioxide. Some of the efforts to consider are cut fewer trees down, produce less paper, print on both sides of paper, and start recycling paper. The production of oil can cause severe damage to the environment. Oil waste dumping and oil spills cause serious damage on surrounding wildlife and habitat. The oil production has already harmed many land, air, and sea animal and plant species. The oil pollutes water and kills fish. The production of oil can also affect human life. The damage can include pollution of drinking water, livestock and health of the human body itself. Beef is a perfect example of using resources wastefully and is causing our environment to be degraded. In the Amazon and other places the rainforests are being cleared in order to raise cattle and about 70 to 80% of the grain that is produced in the United States is fed to livestock. The areas that are being cleared for raising cattle are not so much for local consumptions, but for producing more fast food restaurants in other parts of the globe Reference Turk, J. (2011) Contemporary Environmental Issues. (Section 1. 5) San Diego, CA. Bridgepoint Education, Inc. USA How to cite Sci207 Week 1 Assignment, Essay examples

Business Law Contents of Employment

Question: Outline and explain the contents of employment contracts and the legal liabilities of managers and directors. Demonstrate the ways in which European Union law affects the conduct of business in the United Kingdom. Identify and explain the main sources of law affecting businesses and policies relating to customers, related companies and employment. Answer: Contents Of Employment Contracts Employment contract is a written and documented agreement between employer and employee. It sets the basis between the two parties. Its important for the contract to be written because it legally binds the relationship and has a meaning and clarity to it. The content of the contract is based on the nature of the engagement (Chadbourne,2016). There are however some set rules and regulations. The employment laws in United Kingdom cover or provide minimum obligations and rights. The rights related to trade secrets, notice periods, duty to obey orders and these are only some of them which are common in all of them. A written and detailed contract is important because it helps to avoid any sort of malice. The contract contains: Employer and employees name Date of joining and beginning Pay scale or pay rate Hours of work Terms related to holiday Sick leaves Duration of notice before termination Title of job Nature of job permanent, ad-hoc or temporary Place of work Additional compensations and perquisites Rules related to Conduct Grievance procedure Pension term and schemes Termination and extension of contracts These elements are subject to changes by negotiation. Legal Liabilities Of Directors And Managers Companies Act 2006 under law has various general and common law duties that vested in managers and directors. They are legally bound to follow them. These liabilities majorly concern the internal management of the company. In case the director or manager fails to adhere with these liabilities, they are fined heavily by the law. The punishment can be as high as imprisonment. Director and manager is responsible for any act or omission carried out in the employment period. They are rarely sues in personal capacity for act or omission towards other employees. They have to make sure that the corporation tax is paid and make sure that the secretary is discharging duties regarding the same. If a director is found involved in any sort of fraudulent activity while the insolvency, he can be held liable. They must not be involved in wrongful trading. They must make every attempt to make the company earn profit. Director must pay company debt before its wind-up The must not breach the fiduciary duties confined in him. They are liable for any punitive damages. They must not make wrongful profits which are over and beyond his normal pay. They should not create private nuisance and torturous interference in the companys business. They is liable to make disclosure statements with absolute transparency. Director must ensure a transparent and correct prospectus is floated. Effect Of European Law On Business In Uk The European laws make a major impact on the way business in conducted in United Kingdom. Regulating taxation and spending By directives, laws and regulations Lending them support and subsidies Providing knowledge, and advice Employment policy Regional policy Inflation policy Training and education policy International policy Setting rule of games The government is creating jobs and encouraging business activities in UK so that its able to compete with other countries across globe (Businessforbritain, 2016). The government funs their research, training and education so that they are skilled and polished. Government also provides region wise support to those states who have low employment rate. It also makes sure that there is no sudden inflation which will shake the countrys economy. They do this by regulating interest rates to keep a check on rising prices. Lot of investment is done in education and training. They have vocational subjects in school to polish the curriculum. The tax contribution made by business is used for creating more business avenues and start new projects. The government promotes trade by promoting export and discouraging import. Laws have been laid down related to business conduct (BBC, 2016). The Main Sources Of Law Affecting Business And Policies Relating To Customers, Rated Companies And Employment Government is responsible for making laws for the safety and in full interest of its people. These laws determine and effect various people and bodies to which it touches. The policies and rules change on regular basis and this effects how company operates with its employees, customers and competitors. The economic policy brings with it various taxes. Taxes increase the cost of producing goods and services which in return increase the amount that the customer has to pay. Like Value added tax which is borne by the final consumer but the company has to bear the cost involved in this taxes business (Postgraduate Course,2016). The interest rates is one such factor. Borrowing money depends on interest rates. Rise in interest rates will again increase the cost of the company. The companies however benefit when the government spends the money collected through taxation by increasing employment opportunities (Business Case Studies, 2016). Even while hiring, legal aspect and laws are kept in mind. Few legal changes have also been made. Minimum wage has been made available to minors as well. Laws are enforced to protect customer interest so that they are not exposed to any corrupt practices. The law also entails fair competition and it does not support monopoly. These laws effect each partys interest so that no one is devoid of their basic rights and ensure no exploitation happens. Article. 267 tfeu treaty on the functioning of european union Art. 267 pertains to preliminary ruling. This ruling is a decision made by ECJ (European court of justice after careful interpretation of European Union law. This happens when a request is made on behalf of court of tribunal of a European Union member state. This article empowers a judge with two major powers carefully assess European Union laws validity and to interpret it. The objective is to promote sustainable development and bring about a fundamental change in business approach. It aims at creating sustainable values in business. There is no compartmentalization in making of the law and policy and its implemented beautifully (The student lawyer, 2013). The article states that if there is a question or issue raised related to the validity of the act of the body, union or institution is raised in the national court and its absolutely mandatory to give the ruling, CJUE may be asked to give the ruling. The court is of the view that its function is to give its interpretation of the Union Law or see about its validity. Its the role of the national court to apply factual situations to the underlying treaties. This law has a very crucial and critical impact on how European law communicates national and EU legal system. Its basic motive is to deliver decisions by aligning European Union and member states. It has been argues that the article is overextended in the context of who can refer. This can overwhelm the court leading to low quality of proceedings. The purpose of this article is to ensure the legal provisions are uniform across all the states. Article 267 has safeguarded the appropriate allocation of European Union law. It is helpful in a way that it brings about uniformity of law throughout the states. There is no divergence in the mechanism. The article also protects consumers and make sure that they are not triggered. It sets out a protective layer for the consumers because the law throughout the states have been unified and customer does not have to get harassed by different rules. The direct effect of the ruling is to provide uniform decisions across regional borders and there is no discrimination. There is bare minimum set of obligations related to setting up of a company, operations, restructuring and handling financial situations. The article provides uniform interpretation of law irrespective of the state and regional boundaries. Business operations are not restricted and happen in various cities and states. Hence, it allows them free movement, level playing field and freedom of establishment. Free establishment is a part where companies can freely pick and choose their base of operations without legal or political restrictions (European Union Law, 2016). There are however certain rules and regulation that are applied to them universal to each. In simpler words the treaty has made the business activity simple and hassle-free. It also has clear rules related to protection of environment that each business has to adhere to. No business activity should harm nature in any way. When the law kept no bar in the operations of business units they expected them to comply by not harming the environment. The European Court of Justice has made the entire process legal as opposed to Political. The treaty takes corporate go vernance, reporting and company law into serious consideration. The policies and treaties have brought about efficiency and competitiveness in the market and have changed business behavior across the nation. Academic scholars are taking serious steps towards educating people about the treaty in force. Alternative Dispute Resolution Alternative dispute resolution solves the disputes that have not been able to get solved through negotiation. This third party solves any problems related to supply of goods or services. It is provided by trade associations and they deal with disputes related to mediation, arbitration, negotiation, adjudication, ombudsmen services and conciliation (Citizens Advice, 2016). With the rise of employment its only natural for the issues to arise. Alternative dispute resolution strives to have a speedy decisions. ADR acts a third party that helps to solve the employment related issues. The advantages of using ADR are: Low cost Speedy decisions Informal set-up Highly confidential Consensus is encouraged Solutions include explanation, continued employment, apology The basic aim of ADR is to create a zone of potential agreement. ADR is beneficial in many cases but it must be carefully chosen keeping various factors in mind. There are times when legal course of action is required but that is only decided after the entire course of action is completed. ADR provides Mediation under Employment quality Acts and its a voluntary process of mediation. This type of dispute often requires a neutral person to facilitate the dispute where the individual helps both the parties to reach a mutually acceptable agreement. ACAS Policy discussion papers are formulated to speed up the debate and discussion about the key employment concerning issues. It covers a wide range of procedures and processes where both the parties have the potential to control the outcome. There is third party also that helps them to reach the agreement. Due to lengthy procedures and high costs, ADR and ACAS is coming popular. The main focus is that small scale industries are able to make use of it to come over issues (Europrl, 2016). There is however a low take up of ADR and ACAS. In smaller firms, usually its the tendency of the two parties to seek termination. Its only the huge companies/large scale firms who are interested in the benefits that ADR and ACAS renders. If ADR is used in the earlier stages of dispute, it can help the parties to resolve the conflict in a very constructive way without effecting the long term relation of the parties involved. ACAS also believes that managers must have negotiation and mediation skills which will encourage self-help. This will help the companies in reaching to a conclusion within the internal machinery. ADR can be brought into function at any time of the dispute. ACAS provided free and statutory services which they expect both the parties to understand in their individual capacities. ACAS provided collective as well and individual mediation. It also facilitates training related to in-house mediators. ACASs access to justice approach is gaining lot of popularity and prominence. Government is also taking interest to promote ADR related initiatives. It is gaining international popularity. Equality Act 2010 Parliament of United Kingdom introduced the The Equality Act and its basic aim is to make the anti-discriminatory law a little less complicated. This law served as a clear and streamlined system to bring about equality and enabled people to use the platform for any kind of biasness. The act deals with any sort of discrimination happening in the employment. It touches upon equal pay, sex discrimination, race relations, and disability discrimination. It strives to protect employment based on religion, belief, sexual orientation, age, disability, gender reassignment (Equality human rights, 2016). Pregnant women form a special case under Gender Protection Act. There are certain occupations that are exempted from this act. Entities that are protected under this act are: Employees Police officers Employment services Trade organizations Partners The Bar Office holders Qualification bodies Recruitment Local authority members Disability Age Sex Sex Orientation Pregnancy and Maternity Marriage and Civil Partnership There is a wide range of discrimination that is covered in the Equality Act, 2010: Sex Equality Act protects the individuals from relevant types of works, equal work, provision of sex discrimination provision, sex equality rule, sex equality clause, defense of material factor and sex discrimination in relation to contractual pay. Disclosure of information It concerns relates to gender pay gap information and discussions about pay. Pregnancy and maternity equality It covers maternity equality rule, maternal equality clause and pay, relevant types of work, exclusion of pregnancy and maternity discrimination provisions. Supplementary This includes comparators, interpretation and exception. There are however some elements that will not come into force and they include dual discrimination, socio economic inequalities and gender pay gap information. As an update to the system that the act provided, Public Sector Equality duty was brought into force and Commission Policy statement on caste discrimination (EU Law, 2016). The employers play a very significant role in this act. The size of employment is irrelevant and the law extends it to all employers with duties to ensure the act is implemented. Employers have to function under the act even if the employee is temporary, does not have a contract, business partner or trainee (Lexology, 2016). The employers have exact same set of duties towards all their employees irrelevant of how the organization functions. As an employer there is a particular conduct that is acceptable under the law. An employer has to refrain from any kind of harassment, discrimination and victimizing. Employers cannot justify their discrimination under any objective like indirect discrimination, discrimination arising from disability or direct age discrimination. An employer has to be absolutely transparent when it comes to recruitment. Employer has to avoid racial discrimination, disability discrimination, age disparity. An employer is allowed to ask questions related to health and disability. An employer cannot deny employment to a pregnant woman or he cannot deny maternity leave. He cannot deny flexible working hours to the employee. There must be no biasness related to promotion and transfers. Employees should be provided with facilities like access to technology, kitchen/pantry, washing facilities, parking, quiet prayer rooms and breastfeeding rooms. There should be appropriate laws relating to dress codes, appraisal and management. Disciplinary procedures should be same for each and every employee. The Commission plays a vital role is providing the detailed information to the employers. It provides guidance and Codes of Practice to the companies and firms. Proper course of action is also taken in case any individual wants to seek redressal. References Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.chadbourne.com/files/upload/dandoliability.pdf [Accessed 16 Apr. 2016]. Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://businessforbritain.org/eu-excessive-business-regulation-2.pdf [Accessed 16 Apr. 2016]. Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/Documents/Advice%20factsheets/Consumer%20Affairs/c-alternative-dispute-resolution.pdf [Accessed 17 Apr. 2016]. Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/sites/default/files/uploads/documents/Old_Guidance/PDFS/Business/your%20role%20as%20an%20employer.pdf [Accessed 17 Apr. 2016]. Bbc.co.uk. (2016). How does Europe affect people's lives in the UK?. 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